Visual encoding of social cues predicts sociomoral reasoning

Garon, Mathieu; Lavallée, Marie Maxime; Estay, Evelyn V.; Beauchamp, Miriam H.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201099

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The authors proposed post hoc that children's encoding of social cues may consist of two steps instead of one: (a) automatic encoding of cues, occurring before cues come into conscious awareness, and (b) deliberate encoding of cues, occurring after cues come into conscious awareness. Supporting this idea of deliberate encoding, another eye-tracking study in young adults revealed that the number of attentional fixations on social cues was positively associated with the quality of moral decision-making justification (Garon et al, 2018). Thus, empirical evidence suggests that children's encoding of social cues may be automatic as well as reflective.…”

Section: Evidence For Automatic Sipmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Dual-Mode Social-Information-Processing Model to Explain Individual Differences in Children’s Aggressive Behavior

Verhoef

Dijk

Castro

2021

Clinical Psychological Science

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Children differ considerably in the social-information-processing (SIP) patterns underlying their aggressive behavior. To clarify these individual differences, we propose a dual-mode SIP model that predicts which processing steps children will take, which children will take them, and under which circumstances, and how this may lead to aggression. This dual-mode SIP model distinguishes between an automatic and reflective processing mode. The automatic mode is characterized by fast automatic processing and impulsive behavioral responses, whereas the reflective mode is characterized by deliberate processing and controlled behavioral responses. Whether children use the automatic or reflective processing mode is moderated by their level of arousal, which depends on an interplay between child-specific factors (i.e., emotional dispositions, motivational dispositions, and executive functioning) and dynamic factors (i.e., internal state and type of situation). The dual-mode SIP model provides new insights into children’s unique SIP styles and provides possibilities to tailor treatment to children’s individual needs.

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Section: Evidence For Automatic Sipmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Dual-Mode Social-Information-Processing Model to Explain Individual Differences in Children’s Aggressive Behavior

Verhoef

Dijk

Castro

2021

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…The task has also been used in clinical populations and results highlight the impact of conditions such as traumatic brain injuries ( Dooley et al, 2010 ; Beauchamp et al, 2013 ) and focal brain insults ( Chiasson et al, 2017 ) on moral reasoning. A recent study in neurotypical adults combined the SoMoral task with eye-tracking measures ( Garon et al, 2018 ). The results suggest that visual encoding, specifically, the number of fixations produced toward social cues, is a predictor of moral justification level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Encoding of Social Cues Contributes to Moral Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study

Garon

d’Arc

Lavallée

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Eye-tracking studies suggest that visual encoding is important for social processes such as socio-moral reasoning. Alterations to the visual encoding of faces, for example, have been linked to the social phenotype of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and are associated with social and communication impairments. Yet, people with ASD often perform similarly to neurotypical participants on measures of moral reasoning, supporting the hypothesis of differential mechanisms of moral reasoning in ASD. The objective of this study was to document visual encoding and moral reasoning in ASD and neurotypical individuals using a visual, ecological, sociomoral reasoning paradigm paired with eye-tracking. Two groups (ASD, Control) matched for age and IQ completed the SoMoral task, a set of picture situations describing everyday moral dilemmas, while their eye movements and pupil dilation were recorded. Moral understanding, decision-making, and justification were recorded. Participants with ASD presented a longer time to first fixation on faces. They also understood fewer dilemmas and produced fewer socially adaptive responses. Despite a similar average level of moral maturity, the justifications produced by participants with ASD were not distributed in the same way as the neurotypical participants. Visual encoding was a significant predictor of moral decision-making and moral justification for both groups. The results are discussed in the context of alternative mechanisms of moral reasoning in ASD.

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“…Moral reasoning is a complex cognitive process used to make a decision, to produce a judgment, and to justify it in the context of a moral dilemma. [ 1 , 2 ] For optimal patient outcomes, medical teams must possess well-developed moral reasoning skills. However, moral reasoning is a challenge in all medical fields, including dentistry, since it involves frequent, high-stakes ethical decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Moral Reasoning Skills among Dental Students in the Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Al-Subaihi,

Al-Jifree,

Abuznadah

et al. 2023

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

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Introduction: One of the main roles of healthcare educators is to prepare students to make the right ethical decisions. This study evaluated the moral reasoning levels of dental students according to Kohlberg’s six-stage moral development system. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three dental schools in the Makkah region. Senior-year students completed the self-administered Socio-moral Reflection Objective Measure (SROM), which consists of hypothetical moral dilemmas and options that mirror individual reasoning possibilities. SROM results were matched to Kohlberg’s six-stage moral development system and associations with demographic variables and perceptions of educational context variables assessed. Results: One hundred and eighty-eight senior students (mean age 23 ± 1.1 years) completed the SROM. Only 34.6% (n = 44) students reached stage four (morality of law and duty to the social order), while most students (63.8%; n = 81) were at stage three (morality of mutual interpersonal expectations); 1.6% (n = 2) were at stage two (the instrumental relativist orientation). No subject achieved stage 5. Attainment of moral reasoning was not associated with demographic or perception of educational context variables. Conclusion: Students demonstrated a relatively low level of moral reasoning. Healthcare educators must review curricula to provide focused training for students to cultivate their moral reasoning skills. Further studies are also needed to confirm and explain this low moral reasoning level in dental students.

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Visual encoding of social cues predicts sociomoral reasoning

Cited by 9 publications

References 77 publications

A Dual-Mode Social-Information-Processing Model to Explain Individual Differences in Children’s Aggressive Behavior

A Dual-Mode Social-Information-Processing Model to Explain Individual Differences in Children’s Aggressive Behavior

Visual Encoding of Social Cues Contributes to Moral Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study

Evaluation of Moral Reasoning Skills among Dental Students in the Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

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