Visual evoked potential augmenting-reducing and personality: the vertex augmenter is a sensation seeker

Lukas, Jeffrey H.

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(87)90039-0

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, health messages about risky behaviors are often targeted at high‐sensation seekers. High‐sensation seekers allocate more resources to encoding than low‐sensation seekers, they tend to have slower responding aversive systems, greater activation overall in their appetitive systems, and they have bigger responses to novelty and smaller responses to arousing content than low‐sensation seekers (Brocke, Beauducel, & Tasche, 1999; Greene, Krcmar, Walters, Rubin, & Hale, 2000; A. Lang, Chung, Lee, Shin, & Schwartz, in press; Lukas, 1987). These types of differences should be considered when designing effective messages.…”

Section: The Lc4mpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing to Design Effective Cancer Communication Messages

Lang

2006

Journal of Communication

543

656

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This paper applies the limited capacity model of motivated mediated messages (LC4MP) to the problem of creating effective messages about cancer. A general description of the model is presented and then applied specifically to the task of creating effective cancer communication messages by asking the following questions about cancer communication: (a) What is the goal of the message? (b) Who is in the target market? (c) What medium will carry the message? and (d) What is the motivational and personal relevance of the main information in the message for the majority of people in the target market? The paper concludes that cancer is a motivationally relevant topic that will elicit aversive activation. Target markets for various types of cancer-related messages (e.g., smokers or people of a certain age) will process mediated messages in predictably different ways making certain design decisions better for certain target markets. Both structural and content elements of messages interact with the limited capacity information processing system to impact resource allocation, which in turn determines how well messages are encoded, stored, and retrieved at a decision point. Individual differences in peoples' motivational activation influence both their tendencies to engage in risky behaviors that increase the probabilities of getting cancer and their processing of health-related messages. Future research from this perspective should be done to optimize cancer messages for specific target audiences using specific media.Why do we study health communication specifically? Is health communication different from other types of communication? Is health communication about cancer different from health communication about other topics? Obviously, we study health communication because we want to be able to deliver effective messages about health-related information and behaviors to people who would benefit from those messages.Health communication shares a great deal with other forms of goal-directed communication (e.g., advertising, political communication, public relations, and educational messages), and we should take advantage of what is known to construct health-related messages that achieve specific goals for designated target audiences. The goals of the message may range from awareness to reinforcement to knowledge gain to persuasion to behavior change. The target market may range from every member of the public, young and old, one to a small well-defined group of people.In many ways, communication about cancer and cancer control is a restricted subset of health communication. Communications about cancer deal with a topic that is scary, negative, and may impact, in some way, virtually everyone. Communicating about cancer includes all of the goals extant in other forms of health communication: awareness (e.g., of new treatments and findings), reinforcement of behaviors that decrease cancer risk (e.g., NOT smoking), knowledge gain (e.g., creating messages that give people information about cancer, medication, treatment, etc.), p...

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Section: The Lc4mpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing to Design Effective Cancer Communication Messages

Lang

2006

Journal of Communication

543

656

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“…Both the ability of AMPH to reduce PPI, and the ability of antipsychotics to increase PPI, appear to be enhanced among normal individuals with high scores on temperament measures of novelty seeking (Hutchison et al 1999; Swerdlow et al 2006). While it might seem far-fetched to propose a biological relationship between the neurochemical regulation of reflex modification and a personality dimension, it has long been known that psychophysiological measures ranging from auditory and visual evoked potentials to PPI are consistently and strongly linked to personality subtypes (e.g., Hegerl et al 1989; Zuckerman 1990; Stenberg et al 1988; Lukas 1987; Juckel et al 1995; Swerdlow et al 1995). Perhaps most importantly, high levels of novelty seeking in women are associated with specific DA-linked genetic polymorphisms, including the Met/Met genotype of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism, conveying low activity to the enzyme catechol- O -methyl transferase (Golimbet et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphetamine effects on startle gating in normal women and female rats

et al. 2009

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Background Dopamine agonists disrupt prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle in male rodents. In humans, this is observed only in some studies. We reported that PPI was disrupted by D-amphetamine in men, but only among those with high basal PPI levels. Here, amphetamine effects on PPI were tested in normal women and female rats. Materials and methods Acoustic startle and PPI were tested in normal women after placebo or 20 mg amphetamine, in a double-blind, crossover design, and in female rats after vehicle or 4.5 mg/kg amphetamine. Rats were from Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Long Evans (LE) strains that differ significantly in gene expression in PPI-regulatory circuitry, including levels of nucleus accumbens (NAC) catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) mRNA. Results Amphetamine was bioactive in humans based on quantitative autonomic and self-rating measures, but did not significantly change startle magnitude or PPI across all subjects. Amphetamine's effects on PPI in women correlated significantly (p<0.0008) with placebo PPI levels (reducing PPI only in women whose basal PPI levels exceeded the sample median) and with measures of novelty and sensation seeking. Amphetamine decreased PPI in SD rats that have relatively low NAC COMT gene expression and increased PPI in LE rats that have relatively high NAC COMT gene expression. Conclusion The dopaminergic regulation of PPI in humans is related to basal levels of sensorimotor gating and to specific personality traits in normal men and women. In rats, the effects of amphetamine on PPI differ significantly in strains with low vs. high NAC COMT expression.

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“…Another line of research that provides evidence that high and low sensation seekers differ in their response to intense, novel stimuli shows that augmenting and reducing the visual evoked potentials elicited by intense, novel stimuli differs between high and low sensation seekers (Lukas, 1987;Siegel & Driscoll, 1996;Zuckerman, 1993;Zuckerman et al, 1988). In the augmenting-reducing paradigm, the amplitudes of the N1 and P1 components of the visual evoked potential are measured at various levels of stimulus intensity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%