Visual false memories in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Jelinek, Lena; Hottenrott, Birgit; Randjbar, Sarah; Peters, Maarten J.V.; Moritz, Steffen

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.02.003

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…''numbing of general responsiveness'' according to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). This is associated with an elevated level of false recognition for negative conceptual control stimuli that confirms results from other studies (Jelinek et al, 2009). Moreover, this result is only observed for conceptual scenes suggesting that difficulties in topdown control enable patients with attentional difficulties to reject conceptual scenes they have never seen.…”

Section: Explicit Memorysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A study using fMRI (Yang et al, 2004) indicated that patients with PTSD, compared to healthy subjects, both having experienced an earthquake, showed significantly greater activation in posterior visual (occipital) areas when evocating mental imagery about the trauma. Heightened proneness to form false memories in some specific laboratory tasks has also been shown (Jelinek et al, 2009) particularly with visual cues.…”

Section: Time and Episodic Memory In Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Moreover, some clinical studies have shown that false memories (i.e., ''memories'' of personal facts that never happened) are more numerous in that population compared to healthy subjects (Brennen et al, 2007). Similarly, laboratory studies have shown that false recognitions are more frequent in PTSD compared to healthy subjects (Jelinek et al, 2009).…”

Section: Time and Episodic Memory In Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Disorganized in time”: Impact of bottom-up and top-down negative emotion generation on memory formation among healthy and traumatized adolescents

Guillery‐Girard

Clochon

Giffard

et al. 2013

Journal of Physiology-Paris

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"Travelling in time," a central feature of episodic memory is severely affected among individuals with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with two opposite effects: vivid traumatic memories are unorganized in temporality (bottom-up processes), non-traumatic personal memories tend to lack spatio-temporal details and false recognitions occur more frequently that in the general population (top-down processes). To test the effect of these two types of processes (i.e. bottom-up and top-down) on emotional memory, we conducted two studies in healthy and traumatized adolescents, a period of life in which vulnerability to emotion is particularly high. Using negative and neutral images selected from the international affective picture system (IAPS), stimuli were divided into perceptual images (emotion generated by perceptual details) and conceptual images (emotion generated by the general meaning of the material). Both categories of stimuli were then used, along with neutral pictures, in a memory task with two phases (encoding and recognition). In both populations, we reported a differential effect of the emotional material on encoding and recognition. Negative perceptual scenes induced an attentional capture effect during encoding and enhanced the recollective distinctiveness. Conversely, the encoding of conceptual scenes was similar to neutral ones, but the conceptual relatedness induced false memories at retrieval. However, among individuals with PTSD, two subgroups of patients were identified. The first subgroup processed the scenes faster than controls, except for the perceptual scenes, and obtained similar performances to controls in the recognition task. The second subgroup group desmonstrated an attentional deficit in the encoding task with no benefit from the distinctiveness associated with negative perceptual scenes on memory performances. These findings provide a new perspective on how negative emotional information may have opposite influences on memory in normal and traumatized individuals. It also gives clues to understand how intrusive memories and overgeneralization takes place in PTSD.

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Section: Explicit Memorysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Time and Episodic Memory In Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Time and Episodic Memory In Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Disorganized in time”: Impact of bottom-up and top-down negative emotion generation on memory formation among healthy and traumatized adolescents

Guillery‐Girard

Clochon

Giffard

et al. 2013

Journal of Physiology-Paris

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Another negative aspect of trauma-focused diagnostic exploration could be that patients will be pushed in an implicit or explicit way to remember or to talk about traumatic events. It is even possible that some trauma-focused exploration styles provoke false memories of biographical life events with several negative consequences [119]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental trauma disorder: pros and cons of including formal criteria in the psychiatric diagnostic systems

Schmid¹,

Petermann

Fegert

2013

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundThis article reviews the current debate on developmental trauma disorder (DTD) with respect to formalizing its diagnostic criteria. Victims of abuse, neglect, and maltreatment in childhood often develop a wide range of age-dependent psychopathologies with various mental comorbidities. The supporters of a formal DTD diagnosis argue that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) does not cover all consequences of severe and complex traumatization in childhood.DiscussionTraumatized individuals are difficult to treat, but clinical experience has shown that they tend to benefit from specific trauma therapy. A main argument against inclusion of formal DTD criteria into existing diagnostic systems is that emphasis on the etiology of the disorder might force current diagnostic systems to deviate from their purely descriptive nature. Furthermore, comorbidities and biological aspects of the disorder may be underdiagnosed using the DTD criteria.SummaryHere, we discuss arguments for and against the proposal of DTD criteria and address implications and consequences for the clinical practice.

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“…This led to robust false memory rates. Miller and Gazzaniga's [9] design has been successfully implemented in two clinical studies [10], [11]. In the healthy control groups of these studies (investigating posttraumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia patients as clinical groups), Miller and Gazzaniga's findings could be replicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiology of False Memories in a Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm with Visual Scenes

et al. 2012

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Remembering something that has not in fact been experienced is commonly referred to as false memory. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm is a well-elaborated approach to this phenomenon. This study attempts to investigate the peripheral physiology of false memories induced in a visual DRM paradigm. The main research question is whether false recognition is different from true recognition in terms of accompanying physiological responses.Sixty subjects participated in the experiment, which included a study phase with visual scenes each showing a group of interrelated items in social contexts. Subjects were divided into an experimental group undergoing a classical DRM design and a control group without DRM manipulation. The control group was implemented in order to statistically control for possible biases produced by memorability differences between stimulus types. After a short retention interval, a pictorial recognition phase was conducted in the manner of a Concealed Information Test. Simultaneous recordings of electrodermal activity, respiration line length, phasic heart rate, and finger pulse waveform length were used. Results yielded a significant Group by Item Type interaction, showing that true recognition is accompanied by greater electrodermal activity than false recognition.Results are discussed in the light of Sokolov's Orienting Reflex, the Preliminary Process Theory and the Concealed Information Test. Implications and restrictions of the introduced design features are critically discussed. This study demonstrates the applicability of measures of peripheral physiology to the field of false memory research.

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Visual false memories in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

“Disorganized in time”: Impact of bottom-up and top-down negative emotion generation on memory formation among healthy and traumatized adolescents

“Disorganized in time”: Impact of bottom-up and top-down negative emotion generation on memory formation among healthy and traumatized adolescents

Developmental trauma disorder: pros and cons of including formal criteria in the psychiatric diagnostic systems

Psychophysiology of False Memories in a Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm with Visual Scenes

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