Visual feedback-related changes in ipsilateral cortical excitability during unimanual movement: Implications for mirror therapy

Reissig, Paola; Garry, Michael I.; Summers, Jeffery J.; Hinder, Mark R.

doi:10.1080/09602011.2014.922889

Cited by 21 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, there is also evidence for an ϳ25% increase in ipsilateral M1 corticospinal excitability in conjunction with viewing the isometrically contracting index finger (ϳ20% MVC) in a mirror (Garry et al 2005). The cause of the discrepant data is unclear, considering that the experimental and recording conditions were similar in two studies, one showing an increase (Garry et al 2005) and the other showing no effect (Reissig et al 2014). The insensitivity of corticospinal excitability to mirror-viewing in the present study may be related to a saturation effect.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…However, we demonstrate uniquely that mirror-viewing of the slowly moving and contracting hand decreased SICI in the right-ipsilateral M1, suggesting that it is not the contraction itself but the visual illusion of a moving left hand that modulates SICI. In support of this, a previous study showed that mirror-viewing of isometric index finger abductions did not change ipsilateral SICI compared with no-vision and other visual feedback conditions (Reissig et al 2014); hence to create a mirror illusion and modulate SICI, it would seem the viewed image must be moving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Another interesting aspect that is missing is the comparison between an active vision condition, where participants directly viewed the contracting right hand, and the mirror condition where participants observed the contracting right hand in the mirror. Previous work showed that ipsilateral M1 corticospinal excitability was not different between these two conditions during a static movement (Garry et al 2005;Reissig et al 2014), but during a dynamic movement ipsilateral corticospinal excitability (Kang et al 2011) and ipsilateral M1 activity (Touzalin-Chretien et al 2010) were significantly higher for the mirror condition. This again underpins the notion that the observed image must be dynamic to induce a mirror effect, and although we have not tested the hypothesis, we expect that mirror-viewing of a wrist flexion increases corticospinal excitability compared with an active vision condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…2014). For example, the use of a mirror does not seem to interact with contraction intensity or the nature of the contraction (static: Reissig et al 2014;dynamic: Carson and Ruddy 2012;Funase et al 2007). However, there is also evidence for an ϳ25% increase in ipsilateral M1 corticospinal excitability in conjunction with viewing the isometrically contracting index finger (ϳ20% MVC) in a mirror (Garry et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mirror illusion reduces motor cortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex during forceful unilateral muscle contractions

Zult

Goodall

Thomas

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Forceful, unilateral contractions modulate corticomotor paths targeting the resting, contralateral hand. However, it is unknown whether mirror-viewing of a slowly moving but forcefully contracting hand would additionally affect these paths. Here we examined corticospinal excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) of the right-ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) in healthy young adults under no-mirror and mirror conditions at rest and during right wrist flexion at 60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During the no-mirror conditions neither hand was visible, whereas in the mirror conditions participants looked at the right hand's reflection in the mirror. Corticospinal excitability increased during contractions in the left flexor carpi radialis (FCR) (contraction 0.41 mV vs. rest 0.21 mV) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) (contraction 0.56 mV vs. rest 0.39 mV), but there was no mirror effect (FCR: P ϭ 0.743, p 2 ϭ 0.005; ECR: P ϭ 0.712, p 2 ϭ 0.005). However, mirror-viewing of the contracting and moving wrist attenuated SICI relative to test pulse in the left FCR by ϳ9% compared with the other conditions (P Ͻ 0.05, d Ն 0.62). Electromyographic activity in the resting left hand prior to stimulation was not affected by the mirror (FCR: P ϭ 0.255, p 2 ϭ 0.049; ECR: P ϭ 0.343, p 2 ϭ 0.035) but increased twofold during contractions. Thus viewing the moving hand in the mirror and not just the mirror image of the nonmoving hand seems to affect motor cortical inhibitory networks in the M1 associated with the mirror image. Future studies should determine whether the use of a mirror could increase interlimb transfer produced by cross-education, especially in patient groups with unilateral orthopedic and neurological conditions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mirror illusion reduces motor cortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex during forceful unilateral muscle contractions

Zult

Goodall

Thomas

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Interhemispheric interactions were also reported by TMS studies of unilateral movement, whereby interhemispheric inhibition and shortinterval intracortical inhibition decrease during unilateral movement (Howatson, et al, 2011;Muellbacher et al, 2000;Reissig et al, 2014;Soto, et al, 2010;Uehara et al, 2013). Therefore, we could speculate that the increase in MEP amplitudes and changes in twitch direction during late motor preparation and after movement onset in our results could be due to a decrease in interhemispheric inhibition and short-interval intracortical inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Interhemispheric interactions associated with unilateral ballistic motor tasks

Chye¹

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The aim of this research was to enhance our understanding of the spatial reference frames in which movement is represented in the primary motor cortices of both hemispheres during unilateral ballistic actions. The broader goal was to reveal how the coordinate systems of movement representation influence the interactions between the two cerebral hemispheres which presumably underlie cross limb transfer of motor skill.The issue of reference frames may be critical for cross-limb interactions because definitions of space and movement often conflict for opposite limbs in intrinsicallyreferenced coordinate systems (e.g. muscle or joint-based coordinates) due to their mirror symmetry. This thesis describes a series of experiments to investigate the reference frames in which movement representations are shared bilaterally, and whether alignment of reference frames influences the transfer of performance to the untrained limb after unilateral ballistic training.There is increasing evidence that the primary motor cortex ipsilateral to the active limb is active during unilateral movement. Yet, the extent to which such activity represents functional details of movement with the ipsilateral limb, and the coordinates of any such representation, is unclear. Hence, Chapter 2 reports work aimed at understanding the timing and coordinates of interactions between the two motor cortices when movement with one hand is being prepared. Studying the time course of changes in twitch directions evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enabled us to examine whether activity in the "resting" motor cortex functionally represents the impending movement, and the reference frame of any such representation. Our results showed that twitch directions in the resting limb shifted toward the impending direction of the active hand in a musclebased reference frame. Evident changes in TMS-evoked twitch parameters right before movement onset might be associated with decreases in interhemispheric inhibition and intracortical inhibition, brought about by the release of motor commands to the active limb.Use-dependent learning was previously reported to generalise according to extrinsic coordinates when posture changes were used to dissociate reference frames within the active limb, however it is unclear whether this form of learning generalises to the untrained limb. Chapter 3 assessed whether use-dependent bias in aiming performance occurred in the opposite untrained limb under postural manipulations that varied the extent to which spatial coordinates were aligned for the two limbs according to extrinsic, musclebased and midline reference frames. The results revealed that systematic bias occurred ii only when both limbs were oriented such that training and aiming targets were aligned according to all reference frames. The data suggest that aiming biases in the untrained limb after contralateral ballistic training are represented according to a combination of coordinate systems.In order to understand the role of reference frame conflicts in...

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Mirror Visual Feedback as a Tool for Training Users to Achieve Control Over the BCI

Gómez,

Braidot

2024

IFMBE Proceedings

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Visual feedback-related changes in ipsilateral cortical excitability during unimanual movement: Implications for mirror therapy

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Mirror illusion reduces motor cortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex during forceful unilateral muscle contractions

Mirror illusion reduces motor cortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex during forceful unilateral muscle contractions

Interhemispheric interactions associated with unilateral ballistic motor tasks

Mirror Visual Feedback as a Tool for Training Users to Achieve Control Over the BCI

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