Visual framing of the European refugee crisis in <i>Der Spiegel</i> and <i>CNN International</i>: Global journalism in news photographs

Zhang, Xu; Hellmueller, Lea

doi:10.1177/1748048516688134

Cited by 81 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Although the rise of computational approaches offers promising opportunities for research on media and migration (Van Atteveldt & Peng, 2018), one limitation of textual content analysis-and therefore also most computational methods-is the neglect of visuals. Although there are some excellent examples of research on visuals (e.g., Zhang & Hellmüller, 2017), the visual dimension has yet not received the place it deserves. As argued by Graber, notably thirty years ago, (1989, p. 149), "purely verbal analyses not only miss the information contained in the pictures and nonverbal sounds, they even fail to interpret the verbal SETTING THE AGENDA FOR RESEARCH ON MEDIA AND MIGRATION content appropriately because that content is modified by its combination with picture messages".…”

Section: Limited Methodological Toolkitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the portrayal of migration and migrants in mass media, the general focus of the literature is on aspects of salience of the issue (e.g., Boomgaarden & Vliegenthart, 2009;Greussing & Boomgaarden, 2017), the tonality with which migration or migrants are depicted in mass media (e.g., Lawlor & Tolley, 2017) and more recently in social media (e.g., Heidenreich, Eberl, Lind, & Boomgaarden, 2019;Lee & Nerghes, 2018), the framing or related stereotypical tendencies of such coverage (e.g., Greussing & Boomgaarden, 2017;Heidenreich, Lind, Eberl, & Boomgaarden, in press;Joris, d'Haenens, Van Gorp, & Mertens, 2018;Ramasubramanian & Miles, 2018), the visual representation of the issue (Zhang & Hellmüller, 2017), and the silencing of migrant voices in the news (e.g., De Cock et al, 2018;Georgiou & Zaborowski, 2017;Kluknavská, Bernhard, & Boomgaarden, 2019). In sum, one can conclude that media coverage of refugee and asylum issues is dominated by problemorientation (e.g., Cecchi, 2011;Gemi, Ulasiuk, & Triandafyllidou, 2013;Grobet, 2014;Heller, 2014;Lynn & Lea, 2003).…”

Section: The Research Literature On Media and Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Setting the Agenda for Research on Media and Migration: State-of-the-Art and Directions for Future Research

Lecheler

Matthes

Boomgaarden

2019

Mass Communication and Society

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Over the past two decades, migration has become one of the decisive socio-political topics worldwide. Debates over effective border controls, the social integration of migrants or the consequences of migration for host societies are abound in receiving countries. Political consequences are evident, with right-wing (oftentimes populist) anti-immigration parties having gained electoral success and at times government participation in many countries (e.g., Golder, 2016). In Europe, the politicization of migration has gained momentum over the past decade (e.g., Van der Brug, D'Amato, Ruedin, & Berkhout, 2015), and increasingly so during and in the

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Section: Limited Methodological Toolkitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Research Literature On Media and Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting the Agenda for Research on Media and Migration: State-of-the-Art and Directions for Future Research

Lecheler

Matthes

Boomgaarden

2019

Mass Communication and Society

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“…Moreover, another common research interest is that of refugee bodies and the visual composition of numbersare people who are fleeing captured as individuals, small and medium groups or as a mass exodus of people? And what kind of knowledge do these different compositions disseminate to the public (Wright, 2002;Bleiker et al, 2013;Zhang and Hellmueller, 2017;Jovičić, 2018)? In line with one important theme of this book -the construction of refugeeness and refugee crisis in the context of Nordic welfare states -I am guided by the major concerns of the aforementioned research, yet I also shift away from the fixation on the refugee body and consider other actors that play a role in the visual construction of flight in the case of Sweden (on media discourse about refugees, see chapter 7).…”

Section: Visual Construction Of Refugeenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Images of crisis and the crisis of images

Jovičić¹

2020

Refugees and the Violence of Welfare Bureaucracies in Northern Europe

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Images of crisis and the crisis of images: a visual analysis of four frames of representation of 'refugeeness' in Swedish newspapers The period 2015-2016 in Sweden (and beyond) became largely known as the refugee crisis-a construct readily associated with a negative event or a destabilizing period of time, which can affect both individuals and larger groups and societies. The term crisis came alongside the word 'refugee'-a pairing which is particularly loaded and comes with highly problematic political impositions. For example, how did people fleeing come to embody the term crisis? Media coverage of the events has been vast. Images and video material of boats crowded with defaced and de-named black and brown bodies, images of indignity such as precarious living conditions and police abuse, as well as death and mourning. A common photographic style found in newspapers is that of a bird's-eye view-shots taken 'from above', which create a link to National Geographic's style of capturing 'wild life' that is present before our eyes yet too dangerous to approach closely. Importantly, these relationships are manifestations of power structures: the gaze of the photographer/film-maker directed at their subject, the counter gaze of the subject towards the photographer and the spectator of the image. There are also the gaze of the editors in charge of selecting the right image for publishing and, importantly, the gaze of the researcher while collecting and analysing these very images. Therefore, naming an event a refugee crisis is not only a matter of language, but also that of knowledge production and construction of specific realities. In relation to that, Rose (2016) argues that images offer worldviews-they are not innocent carriers of a message to the world, rather, they give us interpretations of the world that are carried out in very particular ways. In order to explore these worldviews, and as this chapter will further illustrate, I turn to study what I call the crisis of images in Swedish newspaper dailies Dagens Nyheter (DN) and Svenska Dagbladet (SvD). What I refer to as the crisis of images is embedded in the simplified, shock and threat inducing portrayal of the very complex issues of flight, whereby people on the move are often forced to embody stereotypical and violent imageries.

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“…News coverage can also employ practices of cultural proximity to present the asylum seekers as suitable and 'good' victims (Szczepanik 2016), unmarking their difference through de-ethnicizing and de-muslimizing techniques (Horsti 2013). Culture-specific media story-telling characteristics as well as geographical and practical distance can influence the tone: Zhang & Hellmueller (2017) showed that the American news covering the European refugee crisis tended to involve more humanitarian views than their German counterparts.…”

Section: Refugees In the Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Construing oppositions, demarcating a we-ness: The dramaturgy of a live TV debate on the refugee crisis

Hellman

Lerkkanen

2017

European Journal of Cultural Studies

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This study concerns the dramaturgy of a two-hour long live televised debate by the Finnish public service broadcasting company YLE regarding how the country was to answer to increased numbers of asylum seekers in 2015. It provides insight into generic features of live TV discussions for articulating the refugee crisis as a national political concern. It unfolds a media construction "in the making" identifying: (i) the positions that participants are given and taken in the TV discussion context, and (ii) the dramaturgical execution that served to create oppositions and tensions. The study points out how dramatic compositions of scenes utilized participants' assumed speakers' positions and so created action and tensions. Despite efforts of a bold and fresh grasp, the programme channelled a classic polarization construct between 'us' (Finnish people) and 'them' (refugees) in its mere point of departure. Problem constructs concerned also some wrong and undeserving ways in which the otherhood of the immigrants is performed in a Finnish context. During the live broadcast, refugees were put to the test to demonstrate their compliance with right sorts of otherhood; they were asked to eat Finnish food and show their skills in the Finnish language. The analysis shows how journalistic and editorial decisions surrounding the dramaturgy of a live TV show actively contribute to the reproduction of certain political setups and elements of blame and shame. It is able to point out a great need for awareness and sensitivity of the imaginary material that orders and underpins journalistic narratives regarding the European refugee situation.

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Visual framing of the European refugee crisis in Der Spiegel and CNN International: Global journalism in news photographs

Cited by 81 publications

References 43 publications

Setting the Agenda for Research on Media and Migration: State-of-the-Art and Directions for Future Research

Setting the Agenda for Research on Media and Migration: State-of-the-Art and Directions for Future Research

Images of crisis and the crisis of images

Construing oppositions, demarcating a we-ness: The dramaturgy of a live TV debate on the refugee crisis

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