Visual function assessment in simulated real-life situations in patients with age-related macular degeneration compared to normal subjects

Barteselli, Giulio; Ml, Gómez Dorronsoro; Doede, Aubrey L.; Chhablani, Jay; Gutstein, W.; Du, Bartsch; Dustin, Laurie; Azen, S. P.; Wr, Freeman

doi:10.1038/eye.2014.189

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…37,38 Eye diseases are also more common in older populations, 39,40 including glaucoma, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration which have been reported to exacerbate the visual problems reported under low luminance levels. 36,[41][42][43][44][45]…”

Section: Effects Of Age and Ocular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The conspicuity of pedestrians at night: a review

Tyrrell

Wood

Owens

et al. 2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Drivers' visual limitations are a leading contributor to night-time traffic crashes involving pedestrians. This paper reviews the basic changes in vision that occur at night for young and old visually healthy drivers, as well as those with common ocular pathology. To maximise their safety at night, pedestrians should be conspicuous. That is, beyond being simply visible (detectable as an ambiguous object), they should attract the attention of drivers and be readily perceivable as pedestrians. Research has established that the conspicuity of pedestrians can be optimised by attaching retroreflective markings to the pedestrian's extremities. Doing so highlights the pedestrian's 'biological motion,' which facilitates the accurate perception of a person; however, retroreflective markings on the torso (for example, vests) are less effective. Importantly, behavioural evidence indicates that most road users -drivers and pedestrians alikeare not aware of the limitations of night vision. For example, drivers typically 'overdrive' the useful range of their headlight beams and under-use their high beam headlight setting. Further, pedestrians overestimate their own conspicuity at night and fail to appreciate the extent to which their own conspicuity depends on their clothing. The widespread misunderstanding of the challenges associated with night driving reflects a lack of awareness of the fundamental limitations of night vision. Educational interventions are needed to ameliorate these dangerous misunderstandings and to improve the safety of all road users at night.

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Section: Effects Of Age and Ocular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The conspicuity of pedestrians at night: a review

Tyrrell

Wood

Owens

et al. 2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…The functional deficit under reduced luminance and/or contrast has been well documented in patients with early and intermediate AMD [14,15] using a number of different functional assessments such as low luminance visual acuity (LLVA) [8,14,[16][17][18], visual acuity (VA) measurements with the Moorfields Vanishing Optotypes Acuity Chart (MAC), which employs high-pass filtered letters [19], contrast sensitivity tests [20][21][22][23]15,24,16,25], and fundus-controlled perimetry [12,[26][27][28]9,9,29]. Combinations of any of these visual function tests might further increase sensitivity to detect changes in visual function in particular in early stages of AMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting vision loss in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: A comparison of visual function tests

et al. 2020

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of visual function tests in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). A total of 62 subjects (38 patients with iAMD and 24 controls) were included and underwent several functional assessments: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), low luminance visual acuity (LLVA), visual acuity (VA) measured with the Moorfields Vanishing Optotypes Acuity Charts (MAC), contrast sensitivity with the Pelli-Robson test, reading speed using the International Reading Speed texts (IReST) and mesopic and dark-adapted microperimetry (S-MAIA, CenterVue, Padova, Italy). Groups were compared using non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests and ROC analyses. Linear regression was used to control for confounding. Results showed that all visual function test performances except the IReST were significantly reduced in iAMD patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). These effects did not alter after controlling for age and sex. Best discrimination between iAMD and controls yield the combination of LLVA and contrast sensitivity as well as MAC-VA and contrast sensitivity (ROC area under the curve 0.95 and 0.93, respectively). Our results suggest that LLVA, MAC-VA, contrast sensitivity and mesopic and dark-adapted microperimetry can capture visual impairment characteristic for iAMD. Best discrimination against iAMD is achieved with a combination of two tests.

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“…However, nontimed visual acuity tests may not reflect the demands of daily life activities. 15,16 Therefore, it has been argued that measurements, which take into account speed and accuracy are key to a better quantitative assessment of visual impairment. 17 This argument is strengthened by our finding that the basic ability to quickly discern visual details improves considerably in children with normal vision (NV) between 5 and 12 years of age due to faster, rather than more accurate, visual discrimination performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Symbol Discrimination Speed in Children With Visual Impairments

Barsingerhorn

Boonstra

Goossens

2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Barsingerhorn AD, Boonstra FN, Goossens J. Symbol discrimination speed in children with visual impairments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59:3963-3972. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.17-23167 PURPOSE. We measured visual acuity and visual discrimination speed simultaneously in children with visual impairments to determine whether they are slower than children with normal vision.METHODS. Five-to twelve-year-old children with visual impairments due to ocular dysfunction (VI o ; n ¼ 30) or cerebral visual impairment (CVI; n ¼ 17) performed a speed-acuity test in which they indicated the orientation of Landolt-C symbols as quickly and accurately as possible. The reaction times for symbols ranging between À0.3 and 1.2 logMAR relative to acuity threshold were compared with normative data. To test whether children were already slow in merely detecting symbols, we also compared their reaction times on a simple visual detection task (VDT) to normative data. An auditory detection task (ADT) was used to probe for other, more general deficits. RESULTS.Of the children with visual impairments, 88% had abnormally long reaction times in the speed-acuity test. This deficit was partly explained by their reduced acuity, but 40% still needed more time to discriminate acuity-matched optotypes. Children responded late in the VDT too, especially those with CVI, but this impairment could not fully account for their slow symbol discrimination. In children with CVI, reaction times in the ADT were affected as much as those in the VDT, suggesting more general sensorimotor problems in CVI.CONCLUSIONS. The speed-acuity test offers additional insight in visual impairment. Children with VI o and CVI are abnormally slow in discerning foveal details. Magnification of materials is often insufficient to compensate for this deficit, partly because stimulus detection is already hampered.

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Visual function assessment in simulated real-life situations in patients with age-related macular degeneration compared to normal subjects

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

The conspicuity of pedestrians at night: a review

The conspicuity of pedestrians at night: a review

Detecting vision loss in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: A comparison of visual function tests

Symbol Discrimination Speed in Children With Visual Impairments

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