Visual Functions and Interocular Interactions in Anisometropic Children with and without Amblyopia

Lai, Xin Jie; Alexander, Jack; He, Mingguang; Yang, Zhikuan; Suttle, Catherine

doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6755

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, the duration of treatment was longer in the anisometropic group. Lai et al 21 reported that the vision system has greater plasticity in early childhood, which may be related to the difference in our results. Secondly, it has been suggested in the literature that in anisometropia, visual acuity is affected more than contrast sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Contrast Sensitivity in Microtropic and Anisometropic Eyes of Successfully Treated Amblyopes

Öner

Bayar

Oto

et al. 2017

tjo

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Objectives:To assess and compare contrast sensitivity function in the previously amblyopic and non-amblyopic “normal” eyes of patients with microtropia and anisometropia who achieved 20/20 visual acuity after occlusion therapy.Materials and Methods:Contrast sensitivity was tested monocularly on both eyes of 34 successfully treated microtropic and 15 anisometropic subjects (visual acuity 20/20 in both eyes). Contrast sensitivity function was evaluated by CSV-1000E and age-matched nomograms were used (spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree [cpd]) for comparison.Results:The mean age of subjects was 11.2±1.3 years in the microtropic group, 9.8±1.7 years in the anisometropic group (7-12 years); the mean follow-up time was 16.4±3.2 months (12 to 92) in the microtropic group and 27.7±1.8 months (12-84) in the anisometropic group. Statistical comparison of the microtropic amblyopic eyes versus non-microtropic eyes showed significant differences at spatial frequencies of 3, 12 and 18 cpd (3 cpd, t=2.8, p=0.007; 6 cpd, t=1.1 p=0.261; 12 cpd, t=2.2, p=0.033; 18 cpd, t=2.2, p=0.030). When anisometropic eyes were compared with non-anisometropic eyes, there was a significant difference only at 12 cpd (t=2.1 p=0.049). The comparison of non-amblyopic eyes versus age-matched nomograms revealed no differences at any of the spatial frequencies (p>0.05 for all).Conclusion:Contrast sensitivity was decreased in patients with amblyopia, especially in the microtropic group. The assessment of contrast sensitivity function may serve as a new parameter for termination of occlusion therapy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Contrast Sensitivity in Microtropic and Anisometropic Eyes of Successfully Treated Amblyopes

Öner

Bayar

Oto

et al. 2017

tjo

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“…Yang & Stevenson (Yang and Stevenson 1999) applied an interocular luminance masking paradigm in normal subjects and found that grating contrast sensitivity of the tested eye was greatly decreased when the mean luminance of a steady uniform field presented to the non-tested eye increased. Lai et al, (2011) found that, with proper optical correction, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and alignment sensitivity differences of the amblyopic eye between the fully and partially patched fellow eye conditions were significantly higher in anisometropic children with amblyopia, compared to those without amblyopia or normal controls. Freeman & Jolly (1994) found that visual acuity in one eye was not affected by occluding or increasing the luminance in the untested eye uniformly in normal subjects, but presenting a uniform lit field to the untested fellow eye significantly reduced visual acuity in the tested eye in strabismic subjects (Freeman and Jolly 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The study differs from Lai et al (2011) in three aspects: (1) we measured the full contrast sensitivity function with the quick CSF procedure (Lesmes, Lu et al 2010) instead of contrast sensitivity at a single frequency, (2) we compared opaque and translucent patching conditions (0 vs 22.64 cd/m 2 ) while Lai et al compared opaque and dark patching conditions (0 vs 4.62 cd/m 2 ), and (3) in addition to tests under full optical correction, we included a naked eye condition to test the procedure without optical correction. The procedure would be most valuable when optical correction is not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Lai et al (Lai, Alexander et al 2011) evaluated interocular interaction in children with anisometropic amblyopia, anisometropia but no amblyopia, and normal vision. They measured and compared visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (6 c/deg), and alignment acuity (6 c/deg) of the non-dominant eye when the (untested) dominant eye was either fully occluded with an opaque patch or partially occluded with a center dark square (4.62 cd/m 2 , calculated based on their setup).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discriminating anisometropic amblyopia from myopia based on interocular inhibition

et al. 2015

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Amblyopia screening during childhood is critical for early detection and successful treatment. In the current study, we develop and evaluate a screening method that exploits the imbalanced interocular inhibition between amblyopic and fellow eyes. In nineteen subjects with anisometropic amblyopia and twenty-two age-matched subjects with myopia, we measured the area under the contrast sensitivity functions (AUCSFs) in eight monocular conditions defined by tested eye (left, right), patching of the untested eye (translucent, opaque), and refractive status (corrected, uncorrected). For each test eye, we defined the inhibition index as the ratio between AUCSF values obtained in the translucent and opaque patching conditions of the untested eye. To evaluate the screening potential of the inhibition index, we compared results from patients with amblyopia and myopia. With and without optical correction, the index was significantly lower in the amblyopic eye than in the fellow eye of the amblyopic subjects and both eyes of the myopic subjects. No significant difference was found among the two eyes of the myopic subjects and the fellow eyes of the amblyopic subjects. With the inhibition index as the predictor, a logistic regression model successfully discriminated amblyopic eyes from myopic eyes with 100% accuracy in the uncorrected condition. In the corrected condition, with the inhibition index and interocular visual acuity difference as predictors, amblyopic eyes were likewise discriminated from myopic eyes with 100% accuracy. This pattern of CSF changes, caused by the different patching modes of the untested eye, provides a potential CSF signature to discriminate anisometropic amblyopia from myopia.

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“…2 The difference in refractive error between two eyes produces abnormal binocular interaction and motivates inhibition of the eye with greater refractive error, resulting in a reduction in its visual acuity. [3][4][5][6] Weakley 7 found that the incidence and depth of amblyopia were associated with the type and magnitude of anisometropia. The risk of amblyopia is high in anisometropia of more than 2.00 DS in myopia, 1.00 DS in hyperopia, and 1.50 DC in astigmatism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective analysis of children with anisometropic amblyopia in Nepal

Sapkota

2014

Strabismus

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Nepalese anisometropic amblyopic children were presented late to hospital. The depth of amblyopia was highly associated with the type and magnitude of refractive error of the amblyopic eye and the magnitude of anisometropia. So, basic vision screening programs may help to find out the anisometropic children and reefer them to the hospital for timely management of anisometropic amblyopia if present.

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Visual Functions and Interocular Interactions in Anisometropic Children with and without Amblyopia

Abstract: Interocular interactions are associated with amblyopia, the degree of anisometropia, and amblyopia treatment outcomes, but these associations are visual function dependent.

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Contrast Sensitivity in Microtropic and Anisometropic Eyes of Successfully Treated Amblyopes

Contrast Sensitivity in Microtropic and Anisometropic Eyes of Successfully Treated Amblyopes

Discriminating anisometropic amblyopia from myopia based on interocular inhibition

A retrospective analysis of children with anisometropic amblyopia in Nepal

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