Visual impairment and depression in China: a 7-year follow-up study from national longitudinal surveys

Abstract

ObjectivesTo explore the longitudinal association between visual impairment (VI) and depression among adults 45 years and older in China based on a nationally representative follow-up dataset.SettingParticipants in China from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included.ParticipantsA total of 6748 participants from two waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011–2018 were included for analysis by age group.Primary and secondary outcome measuresVI and depression were defined by self-diagnosis and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10, respectively. Lagged dependent variable regression models with ordinary least squares estimation were used to evaluate the association between VI and depression. Age was divided into three groups, that is, 45–54, 55–64, and 65 years and older, to explore the relationship between VI and depression in different age groups.ResultsIn our study sample, VI remarkably predicted an increase in depressive scores. The magnitude of depressive scores increased among those with VI points greater than 3.517 (β=3.517; 95% CI=2.697 to 4.331) points than those without VI in the 7-year follow-up. Significant relationships were also found between VI and depression in the three age groups in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionVI was associated with an increase in depression scores over a 7-year period. Female respondents, low educational attainment and high alcohol intake significantly predicted an increase in depressive status.

Genome-wide association study of the common retinal disorder epiretinal membrane: Significant risk loci in each of three American populations

“…However, there were significant genetic correlations between ERM and several other traits of interest, including depression. Visual impairment has been reported previously to be associated with increases in depression 30 , 31 ; the correlation to depression could be attributable to the effects of visual impairment. The most significant genetic correlation among >1,300 traits considered was with hearing difficulty.…”

“… 14 https://www.finngen.fi/eN/Access_results CTG-VL Complex Traits Genetics Virtual Lab N/A Eye QTL data eye-eqtl.com Software and algorithms FUSION Gusev et al. 31 http://gusevlab.org/projects/fusion/ FOCUS Mancuso et al. 32 https://github.com/bogdanlab/focus MAGMA de Leeuw et al.…”

Genomewide association study of epiretinal membrane: discovery of significant risk loci in each of three American populations

“…However, there were significant genetic correlations between ERM and two other traits evaluated, depression and disorders of the vitreous (the latter from a FinnGen analysis). Visual impairment has been reported previously to be associated with increases in depression 39,40 . ERM is related to vitreous pathology, and risk is increased by vitreous detachment 27 The trans-ancestry meta-analysis identified 48 GWS variants, many not observed in any of the population-specific analyses.…”