“…Several BMSs, like BRIME in Europe or PONTIS and BRIDGIT in the United States, were thus developed in past decades based on data mainly collected during visual surveys and adopting mathematical and statistical forecasting models for maintenance planning (Austroads, 2002). Several researchers (e.g., Catbas and Aktan, 2002;Mishalani and Madanat, 2002;Suksuwan and Hadikusumo, 2010;Adey and Hajdin, 2011;Aflatooni et al, 2013;Fernando et al, 2013;Nasrollahi and Washer, 2015;Denysiuk et al, 2016;Zanini et al, 2016aZanini et al, , 2017aQuirk et al, 2017) proposed frameworks for the optimal maintenance planning on the basis of visual-inspection data, mainly considering environmental deterioration, and in some cases also consequences of natural hazards (e.g., Valenzuela et al, 2010;Fernando et al, 2015). Critical issues of condition rating-based BMSs are represented by the subjectivity in the judgments provided by the inspectors, non-linear relationships in damage progression over time, unbalanced availability of records, missing data.…”