Visual loss after long-haul flight

Ghani, Nurliyana Ain Abdul; Abdullah, Azlindarita Aisyah Binti Mohd; Hamid, Shamsiah Abdul; Yuhana, Muhamad Yazli; Ramli, Norlina

doi:10.1177/1120672120965499

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Only a few cases of flight-associated HAR [ 12 , 134 ] and CRVO (HC exposure) [ 10 ] have been described. Other reported rare occurrences include deep cerebral venous thrombosis with visual implications associated with long-haul flight [ 135 ] and extraconal intraorbital hemorrhage likely attributable to cabin pressure fluctuations [ 11 ] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of flight and equivalent short-term high-altitude exposure on ocular structures and function

Totou,

Karmiris,

Kanakis

et al. 2023

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol

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Background: Exposure to high-altitude conditions during flight or similar activities affects many aspects of visual function, which is critical not only for flight safety but for any altitude-related activity. We aimed to summarize the available literature pertaining to ocular changes during flight or equivalent short-term high-altitude exposure (e.g., hypobaric chamber, effortless ascent lasting less than or equal to 24 h) and to highlight future research priorities. Methods: Using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science/ISI Web of Knowledge databases with structured search syntax, we conducted a systematic review of the literature spanning a 40-year period (January 1, 1983, to October 10, 2023). Articles pertaining to ocular changes during flight or flight-equivalent exposure to altitude were retrieved. The reference lists of retrieved studies were also searched, and citations of these references were included in the results. Results: Of 875 relevant PubMed and ISI publications, 122 qualified for inclusion and 20 more were retrieved from the reference lists of initially selected records, for a total of 142 articles. Reported anterior segment changes included deterioration in tear film stability and increased dry eye incidence, increased corneal thickness, discomfort and bubble formation in contact lens users, refraction changes in individuals with prior refractive surgery, decreased intraocular pressure, and alterations in pupillary reaction, contrast sensitivity, and visual fields. Photoreceptor–visual pathway changes included alterations in both photoreceptors and neuro-transduction, as evidenced in dark adaptation, macular recovery time, reduction in visual field sensitivity, and optic neuritis (likely an element of decompression sickness). Retinochoroidal changes included increases in retinal vessel caliber, retinal blood flow, and choroidal thickness; central serous chorioretinopathy; and retinal vascular events (non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, high-altitude retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion). Conclusions: The effect of short-term high-altitude exposure on the eye is, in itself, a difficult area to study. Although serious impairment of visual acuity appears to be rare, ocular changes, including tear film stability, contact lens wear, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, stability of refractive surgeries, retinal vessels, visual fields, and macula recovery time, should be considered in civilian aviators. Our report provides guidance to climbers and lowlanders traveling to altitude if they have pre-existing ocular conditions or if they experience visual symptoms while at altitude. However, key outcomes have been contradictory and comprehensive studies are scarce, especially those pertaining to the choroid and retina. Such studies could not only deepen our understanding of high-altitude ocular pathophysiology, but could also offer valuable information and treatment possibilities for a constellation of other vision-threatening diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of flight and equivalent short-term high-altitude exposure on ocular structures and function

Totou,

Karmiris,

Kanakis

et al. 2023

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to various researchers, the frequency of identifying risk factors in travelers ranges from 65 to 92% (Watson and Baglin, 2011;Byard, 2019;Şabanoğlu, 2021). The specifics of flight conditions create physiological problems such as relative hypoxia and immobility, which can cause adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and lead to a significant increase in the risk of thrombosis, including deep cerebral venous sinuses (Ghani et al, 2022). The occurrence of thrombotic events during flights, which mainly occur in passengers in the economy class of an aircraft, known as "economy class syndrome" or "traveler's thrombosis," is due to classical predisposing factors for venous thrombosis, namely slowed blood flow, increased blood clotting and damage to the endothelium (Barinov et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Hemostasis System under Conditions of Immobilization Stress against the Background of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome

2023

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—The state of the hemostasis system under conditions of immobilization stress against the background of metabolic syndrome (MS) in male Wistar rats was studied. Two series of experiments were conducted using single and multiple immobilization effects. It was shown that the development of MS with maintenance of rats on a high-calorie diet led to a decrease in the anticoagulant-fibrinolytic and antiplatelet potential of blood. In the plasma of intact rats subjected to both single and multiple immobilization, an increase in blood clotting and a decrease in fibrinolysis were found. At the same time, the use of multiple immobilization in comparison with single immobilization contributed to a more pronounced increase in platelet aggregation. The combination of both single and multiple immobilization and MS in rats caused a significant decrease in fibrinolysis, the anticoagulant activity of blood and increased platelet aggregation. However, with repeated immobilization exposure, an even more significant increase in ADP-dependent platelet aggregation was observed. A comparative analysis of the indicators of primary and plasma hemostasis under these experimental conditions allows us to conclude that immobilization, regardless of its duration, aggravates the state of hypercoagulation in rats with MS. Moreover, repeated immobilization stress on the background of metabolic disorders leads to more pronounced hypercoagulation shifts due to an 2-fold increase in platelet aggregation compared with intact animals.

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The State of the Haemostasis System under Conditions of Immobilization Stress against the Background of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome

Grigorjeva,

Obergan,

Korobovsky

2023

Uspehi sovremennoj biologii

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The state of the haemostasis system under conditions of immobilization stress against the background of metabolic syndrome (MS) in male Wistar rats was studied. Two series of experiments were conducted using single and multiple immobilization effects. It was shown that the development of MS with prolonged maintenance of rats on a high-calorie diet led to a decrease in anticoagulant-fibrinolytic and antiplatelet potential of blood. In the plasma of intact rats subjected to both single and multiple immobilization, an increase in blood clotting and a decrease in fibrinolysis were found. At the same time, the use of multiple immobilization effects in comparison with single immobilization contributed to a more pronounced increase in platelet aggregation. The combination of both single and multiple immobilization and MS in rats caused a significant decrease in fibrinolysis, anticoagulant activity of blood and increased platelet aggregation. However, in the case of repeated immobilization exposure, an even more significant increase in ADP-dependent platelet aggregation was observed. A comparative analysis of the indicators of primary and plasma haemostasis under these experimental conditions allows us to conclude that immobilization, regardless of its duration, aggravates the state of hypercoagulation in rats with MS. Moreover, repeated immobilization stress on the background of metabolic disorders leads to more pronounced hypercoagulation shifts due to an increase in platelet aggregation by 2 times compared with intact animals.

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Visual loss after long-haul flight

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Impact of flight and equivalent short-term high-altitude exposure on ocular structures and function

Impact of flight and equivalent short-term high-altitude exposure on ocular structures and function

The State of the Hemostasis System under Conditions of Immobilization Stress against the Background of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome

The State of the Haemostasis System under Conditions of Immobilization Stress against the Background of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome

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