Visual motion perception improvements following direct current stimulation over V5 are dependent on initial performance

Wu, Di; Li, Chenxi; Liu, Na; Xu, Pengbo; Xiao, Wei

doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05842-7

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Second, the current study aimed to detect learning enhancement over multiple sessions, rather than a simple within-session change in behavior. Studies have shown that tDCS over the left hMT+ can directly improve visual motion perception measured during or immediately after stimulation ( Battaglini et al, 2017 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). However, VPL often requires thousands of trials over multiple sessions to improve ( Herpich et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The post-test was conducted two-day after training because at least 48 h of time interval was frequently used in previous studies to limit potential carryover effects of tDCS ( Wu et al, 2021b ). The tests without the tDCS effect contribute to obtaining the pure improvement of VPL given that the tDCS itself could directly benefit the visual motion perception ( Wu et al, 2020 ). During the test phase ( Figure 1A ), participants completed four conditions, each containing 100 trials, at two coherence levels (100 and 50%) and two motion directions (approximately 45° and 225°).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coherent motion is frequently employed in studies regarding the neuromodulation of visual perception ( Olma et al, 2013 ; Battaglini et al, 2017 , 2020 ) given that the human middle temporal complex (hMT+) has been confirmed to play a specialized role in visual motion perception with multiple techniques, such as lesions ( Newsome and Pare, 1988 ), electrophysiology ( Britten et al, 1992 ), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; Chen et al, 2016 , 2017 ) and electrical stimulation ( Antal et al, 2004b ; Pavan et al, 2019 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). For example, the visual area V1 receives visual information from the eye; thus, cortical blindness is induced by any damage to this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the left middle temporal complex does not affect visual motion perception learning

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Visual perceptual learning (VPL) refers to the improvement in visual perceptual abilities through training and has potential implications for clinical populations. However, improvements in perceptual learning often require hundreds or thousands of trials over weeks to months to attain, limiting its practical application. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could potentially facilitate perceptual learning, but the results are inconsistent thus far. Thus, this research investigated the effect of tDCS over the left human middle temporal complex (hMT+) on learning to discriminate visual motion direction. Twenty-seven participants were randomly assigned to the anodal, cathodal and sham tDCS groups. Before and after training, the thresholds of motion direction discrimination were assessed in one trained condition and three untrained conditions. Participants were trained over 5 consecutive days while receiving 4 × 1 ring high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) over the left hMT+. The results showed that the threshold of motion direction discrimination significantly decreased after training. However, no obvious differences in the indicators of perceptual learning, such as the magnitude of improvement, transfer indexes, and learning curves, were noted among the three groups. The current study did not provide evidence of a beneficial effect of tDCS on VPL. Further research should explore the impact of the learning task characteristics, number of training sessions and the sequence of stimulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the left middle temporal complex does not affect visual motion perception learning

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Another method is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is attracting increasing attention because of its low cost, portability and feasibility (Reinhart et al, 2016;Turski et al, 2017). It has been found that tDCS not only directly boosts perceptual performance (Ding et al, 2016;Reinhart et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2020) but also facilitates perceptual learning, which produces more benefits, such as a reduction in training time, a larger magnitude of improvements and more enduring improvements (Bolognini et al, 2010;Sczesny-Kaiser et al, 2016). More importantly, tDCS contributes to exploring the causality between a certain cortical area and its corresponding functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, tDCS data frequently involve high levels of variability across participants, and often, there are some people who show little improvement or even opposite effects after stimulation (López-Alonso et al, 2014;Benwell et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015). Among these interindividual factors that influence tDCS effects, individuals' initial performance is worthy of attention (Li et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2020). The initial performance can be considered to be related to baseline brain excitability levels that may subsequently determine the stimulation effects on performance (London and Slagter, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Left Fusiform Face Area on Face View Discrimination Depend on the Individual Baseline Performance

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Neurosci.

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A basic human visual function is to identify objects from different viewpoints. Typically, the ability to discriminate face views based on in-depth orientation is necessary in daily life. Early neuroimaging studies have identified the involvement of the left fusiform face area (FFA) and the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) in face view discrimination. However, many studies have documented the important role of the right FFA in face processing. Thus, there remains controversy over whether one specific region or all of them are involved in discriminating face views. Thus, this research examined the influence of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over the left FFA, left STS or right FFA on face view discrimination in three experiments. In experiment 1, eighteen subjects performed a face view discrimination task before and immediately, 10 min and 20 min after anodal, cathodal and sham HD-tDCS (20 min, 1.5 mA) over the left FFA in three sessions. Compared with sham stimulation, anodal and cathodal stimulation had no effects that were detected at the group level. However, the analyses at the individual level showed that the baseline performance negatively correlated with the degree of change after anodal tDCS, suggesting a dependence of the change amount on the initial performance. Specifically, tDCS decreased performance in the subjects with better baseline performance but increased performance in those with poorer baseline performance. In experiments 2 and 3, the same experimental protocol was used except that the stimulation site was the left STS or right FFA, respectively. Neither anodal nor cathodal tDCS over the left STS or right FFA influenced face view discrimination in group- or individual-level analyses. These results not only indicated the importance of the left FFA in face view discrimination but also demonstrated that individual initial performance should be taken into consideration in future research and practical applications.

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Transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal and visual cortices diversely affects early and late perceptual learning

Wu,

Zhu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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BackgroundResearch has shown that visual perceptual learning (VPL) is related to modifying neural activity in higher level decision‐making regions. However, the causal roles of the prefrontal and visual cortexes in VPL are still unclear. Here, we investigated how anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal and visual cortices modulates VPL in the early and later phases and the role of multiple brain regions.MethodsPerceptual learning on the coherent motion direction identification task included early and later stages. After early training, participants needed to continuously train to reach a plateau; once the plateau was reached, participants entered a later stage. Sixty participants were randomly divided into five groups. Regardless of the training at the early and later stages, four groups received multitarget tDCS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) and right middle temporal area (rMT), single‐target tDCS over the rDLPFC, and single‐target tDCS over the rMT or sham stimulation, and one group was stimulated at the ipsilateral brain region (i.e., left MT).ResultsCompared with sham stimulation, multitarget and two single‐target tDCS over the rDLPFC or rMT improved posttest performance and accelerated learning during the early period. However, multitarget tDCS and two single‐target tDCS led to equivalent benefits for VPL. Additionally, these beneficial effects were absent when anodal tDCS was applied to the ipsilateral brain region. For the later period, the above facilitating effects on VPL induced by multitarget or single‐target tDCS disappeared.ConclusionsThis study suggested the causal role of the prefrontal and visual cortices in visual motion perceptual learning by anodal tDCS but failed to find greater beneficial effects by simultaneously stimulating the prefrontal and visual cortices. Future research should investigate the functional associations between multiple brain regions to further promote VPL.

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Visual motion perception improvements following direct current stimulation over V5 are dependent on initial performance

Cited by 15 publications

References 61 publications

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the left middle temporal complex does not affect visual motion perception learning

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the left middle temporal complex does not affect visual motion perception learning

Effects of High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Left Fusiform Face Area on Face View Discrimination Depend on the Individual Baseline Performance

Transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal and visual cortices diversely affects early and late perceptual learning

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