Visual perceptual issues of the integrated helmet and display sighting system (IHADSS): four expert perspectives

Rash, Clarence E.; Heinecke, Kevin; Francis, Gregory; Hiatt, Keith L.

doi:10.1117/12.769524

Cited by 2 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, pilots may adopt compensatory head and neck postures in order to overcome HMD weight and place further stress on the their upper torso and neck (4,5) . The desire to minimise head-supported weight was a significant driver in the development of monocular HMD systems such as the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) utilised by Apache helicopter pilots since the 1980s (6,7) .…”

Section: Hmd Weight and Musculoskeletal Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced resolution is a feature of almost all visual sensors, leading to images appearing blurred, lacking in fi ne detail and diffi culty in recognition. Providing a sensor resolution in terms comparable with the human system is problematic, especially for FLIR (thermal) systems as parameters are confounded by the emission characteristics of the target object (7) , although FLIR resolution is commonly described as approximating 6/18 (15) . For pilots working with systems with a reduced resolution, the effect is an increased risk of visual fatigue and eyestrain, and may lead to defi cits in height estimation, particularly in suboptimal environmental conditions (7,16) .…”

Section: System Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large FoV increases the information available to the observer, although most HMD systems are constrained by technical parameters such as weight, size, resolution and placement and consequently provide a FoV that is significantly restricted compared to the normal human unaided condition (3) . The monocular IHADSS HMD system offers a rectangular FoV limited to 30° vertically and 40° horizontally (2,7) , the binocular Typhoon and TopOwl systems provide 40° fields (2) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Field Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pilots typically want the FoV to be as large as possible, as operating with a reduced FoV is associated with impaired performance on tracking tasks (18) , disturbed visual perception in terms of depth perception, distance estimation and size estimation (19,20) , visual fatigue and eyestrain. Furthermore, the need for an increase in compensatory head movements may pose risks of musculoskeletal injury (21) , and when a point of interest is identified, pilots may focus on the area of interest at the expense of maintaining a broader situational awareness (7) .…”

Section: Field Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the very narrow peak spectral sensitivity of the human eye, the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum is approximately 400-700nm (0•4-0•7µm), with colour perception depending on the exact spectral components of the light stimulus. Infra-red sensors systems such as FLIR have sensitivity in the range 8-12µm, and therefore the representation of visual space generated by FLIR is completely different to a normal visual perception (7) . The image synthesised by a thermal imaging system depends on the reflectance and absorbance characteristics of the object of regard, and the ambient temperature.…”

Section: Sensor Spectral Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual aspects of advanced sensors and helmet-mounted displays

Morgan-Warren

Woodcock

2014

Aeronaut. j. (1968)

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Visually coupled systems such as helmet mounted displays are designed to improve aircrew situational awareness by providing timely flight, targeting and other information overlaid on real or sensor-derived views of the external environment. Data can be presented in monocular, biocular or binocular fashion and are associated with visual conflicts and potential ophthalmic problems. Restricted sensor spectrum, limits of resolution, inherent system latency, the displaced visual input from remote sensors and restricted field of view may contribute to ophthalmic symptoms in aircrew. Disruption to binocularity and reliance on monocular cues for depth perception and hyperstereopsis from sensor-induced convergence disparity may cause distance estimation problems, whereas inappropriate accommodative stimuli and ocular dominance factors are common causes of eyestrain. Binocular rivalry from discordant imagery to each eye may compromise visual performance via several mechanisms. This article discusses the potential visual problems associated with visually coupled systems and the challenges of integrating complex systems with the aircrew interface.

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Section: Hmd Weight and Musculoskeletal Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Spectral Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual aspects of advanced sensors and helmet-mounted displays

Morgan-Warren

Woodcock

2014

Aeronaut. j. (1968)

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Earlier finish of motor planning in the premotor cortex predicts faster motor command in the primary motor cortex: human intracranial EEG evidence

Xia,

Gong,

Han

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The human motor system has a hierarchical control during finger movements. The non-primary motor cortex (premotor cortex, PM, and supplementary motor area, SMA) organizes motor planning, while the primary motor cortex (M1) is responsible for motor execution. We utilized the human intracranial EEG to investigate how the temporal dynamics of the high-gamma neural oscillations in the hierarchically organized motor sub-regions, during both pre-movement planning and motor execution, correlated with reaction times (RTs) in a cued finger movement task. Our results showed that the high-gamma power of PM, SMA, and M1 activated sequentially. More importantly, the sustained high-gamma power activation in the non-primary motor cortex and the peak latency of high-gamma power in M1 had a significant predictive relationship with the RTs. In particular, the faster the activation of the non-primary motor cortex returned to baseline, the faster the motor command in M1, and accordingly the shorter the RTs. Further, pairwise phase coherence between the motor areas showed that the more sustained the connection between the motor areas, the longer the RTs would be. The current findings illustrate the relationship between the temporal profiles of high-gamma power in human motor areas and response performance.

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Visual perceptual issues of the integrated helmet and display sighting system (IHADSS): four expert perspectives

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Visual aspects of advanced sensors and helmet-mounted displays

Visual aspects of advanced sensors and helmet-mounted displays

Earlier finish of motor planning in the premotor cortex predicts faster motor command in the primary motor cortex: human intracranial EEG evidence

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