Visual perspective in imagination and memory of factual and fictional stories

Gander, Pierre; Gander, Anna Jia

doi:10.1080/20445911.2021.1928144

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Results showed no differences between fact and fiction for simple factors, but an interaction between fictionality and story emotional valence was found for clarity: For negative stories, but not for positive ones, participants remembered fiction with more clarity than fact. The lack of differences in memory qualities between fact and fiction is consistent with the earlier research of Hartung et al (2017), Gander and Gander (2021), models of narrative comprehension such as Busselle and Bilandzic (2008), and also aligns with the thoughts of Gordon et al (2009). On the other hand, the differences between fact and fiction found in neural activation, such as Abraham et al (2008) and Altmann et al (2014), were not seen when looking at the simple factors of the rating of memory qualities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Four factors were considered while creating the stories: fictionality neutrality, narrative perspective, emotional valence, and protagonist gender (similar to Gander & Gander, 2021). First, narratives were created neutral so that they could be either news stories or fictional stories.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Gander and Gander (2021), the focus was on differences in visual perspective in memories of factual and fictional stories. Also here, the results showed no differences between fact and fiction in terms of memory qualities related to visual perspective (such as clarity and visual details), but differences were Journal of Cognition and Culture 23 (2023) 378-396 found in how third-person visual perspectives are remembered in fact versus fiction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Experienced Memory Qualities between Factual and Fictional Events

Gander,

Lowe

2023

J. Cogn. Cult.

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The experienced qualities of memories of factual and fictional events have been little researched previously. The few studies that exist find no or few differences. However, one reason to expect differences in memory qualities is that processing of fact and fiction seem to involve activation of different brain areas. The present study expands earlier research by including a wider range of memory qualities, using positive and negative events, and three time-points: immediately after, after a ten-minute delay and after a five-week delay. Participants (N = 52) read four short stories in English, labelled either fact or fiction, and rated memory qualities on 7-point scales. Results show no differences; however, an interaction was found between fictionality and story emotional valence, in that memories of negative fictional stories are rated as more clear. The higher clarity can be explained by previous findings that negative events from stories are in general remembered in more detail, in combination with the idea that fiction entails simulation to a higher degree than fact. The conclusion is that although a difference in memory qualities between fact and fiction was found in one case, memory qualities seem not to play an operative role when the memory system distinguishes fact from fiction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Experienced Memory Qualities between Factual and Fictional Events

Gander,

Lowe

2023

J. Cogn. Cult.

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“…Visual perspective is also closely related to our ability to view the world from another person's perspective to understand their thoughts and feelings, which can influence the degree to which we empathize with others (Decety & Jackson, 2004). For example, first-person perspectives, when used in fiction, increase the degree to which people engage in fantasy empathy, in which they put themselves in the place of the main protagonist in the story (Gander & Gander, 2022). Other research has demonstrated that embodying a first-person perspective can evoke greater feelings of pain (Christian et al, 2015).…”

Section: Legal Professionals and Jurors Should Be Educated On The Inh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective matters: When visual perspective reshapes autobiographical memories.

St. Jacques

2024

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

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Memories are prone to distortions, which have been linked to our unique point of view. Not only do we experience events from a particular visual perspective, we can also retrieve events from one of two perspectives: (a) an own-eyes perspective, from the same viewpoint where the event was initially experienced, and (b) an observer-like perspective, where we might "see" ourselves in the remembered event.The particular visual perspective adopted, as well as the ability to shift between perspectives, is associated with changes in the subjective and objective characteristics of memories, which has led to debate regarding whether the presence of novel perspectives reflects inaccuracies or distortions. In this target article, I will provide an overview of research on visual perspective in memories of events by discussing the circumstances in which adopting an observer-like perspective signals changes in memories that impact their

show abstract

“…Visual perspective is also closely related to our ability to view the world from another person's perspective to understand their thoughts and feelings, which can influence the degree to which we empathize with others (Decety & Jackson, 2004). For example, first-person perspectives when used in fiction increase the degree to which people engage in fantasy empathy, in which they put themselves in the place of the main protagonist in the story (Gander & Gander, 2022).…”

Section: Professionals Should Be Educated On the Inherent Biases In E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Matters: When Visual Perspective Reshapes Autobiographical Memories

Jacques¹

2023

Preprint

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Memories are not accurate records of the past, but instead reflect our unique point-of-view. Not only do we experience events from a particular visual perspective, we can also retrieve events from one of two perspectives: 1) an own eyes perspective, from the same viewpoint where the event was initially experienced, and 2) an observer-like perspective, where we might “see” ourselves in the remembered event. The particular visual perspective adopted, as well as the ability to shift between perspectives, is associated with changes in the subjective and objective characteristics of memories, which has led to debate regarding whether the presence of novel perspectives reflects inaccuracies or distortions. In this target article I will provide an overview of cognitive research on visual perspective in memories for events by discussing the circumstances in which adopting an observer-like perspective signals changes in memories that impact their veridicality and the legal applications to eyewitness testimony.

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Visual perspective in imagination and memory of factual and fictional stories

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Differences in Experienced Memory Qualities between Factual and Fictional Events

Differences in Experienced Memory Qualities between Factual and Fictional Events

Perspective matters: When visual perspective reshapes autobiographical memories.

Perspective Matters: When Visual Perspective Reshapes Autobiographical Memories

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