Visual pigment 467, a photosensitive pigment present in tench retinae

Dartnall, H. J. A.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004705

Cited by 125 publications

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“…The pike retinal extract was shown by Dartnall to contain only one photosensitive pigment. The same pigment was also found in tench and bleak (Dartnall, 1952a(Dartnall, , 1952b.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Thus, considering Fig. 1 Dartnall, 1952a) are shown the absorption spectra, before and after total bleaching, of an extract of pike retinae. The difference between the unbleached and bleached curves, gives the (Wald, 1939).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bleaching by instalments was carried out with the bleaching apparatus previously described (Dartnall, 1952a). Suitable intensities of the approximately monochromatic lights used were obtained by adjusting the widths of the monochromator slits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behaviour on partial bleaching The homogeneity of the carp extracts was tested by the method of partial bleaching (Dartnall, 1952a(Dartnall, , b, 1954. In this method the photosensitive solu--tions are bleached in instalments by exposing them to monochromatic lights foar times (found by trial) to be sufficient to bleach only a fraction of the total photosensitive material present.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A photosensitive pigment of the carp retina

Crescitelli¹,

Dartnall²

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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Two visual pigments, rhodopsin (or visual purple) and porphyropsin (or visual violet) appear to have a widespread distribution. Thus Wald (1949), referring to rod pigments, writes: 'To summarize our present information, true land and sea vertebrates have the rhodopsin system; true fresh-water vertebrates have porphyropsin; while those equivocal forms which can distribute their lives between fresh water and one of the other environments frequently possess both photopigments, mixed or in temporal succession'.These visual pigments are carotenoid-protein complexes. The above conclusion was reached mainly as the result of studies of the decomposition products ofthe carotenoid moieties (Wald, 1935(Wald, a, b, 1936(Wald, a, b, 1942. These products were found to be either vitamin A1 or vitamin A2, the former associated with rhodopsin and the latter with porphyropsin. The absorption spectra of the retinal extracts were found to fall into one of three groups; they had absorption maxima either around 500 mu (rhodopsin group), or 520 m,u (porphyropsin group) or between the two (mixtures of rhodopsin and porphyropsin) (Wald, 1938(Wald, , 1939(Wald, , 1941 However, the presence of differing amounts of yellow impurities in the extracts complicated the inter-species comparison of absorption spectra and wide limits were tolerated by Wald (1938Wald ( , 1939 in assigning a visual pigment to the rhodopsin or porphyropsin groups. Furthermore, no tests ofhomogeneity were applied.It has been shown (Dartnall, 1952 a) that difference spectra-the changes in absorption spectra caused by bleaching-are highly reproducible under certain conditions and hence provide a means of precise comparison between extracts from different species. Moreover, the homogeneity of the extracts can be put to test by comparing the difference spectra obtained by bleaching with lights from different parts of the visible spectrum.

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“…The pike retinal extract was shown by Dartnall to contain only one photosensitive pigment. The same pigment was also found in tench and bleak (Dartnall, 1952a(Dartnall, , 1952b.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A photosensitive pigment of the carp retina

Crescitelli¹,

Dartnall²

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Warren, 1956, 1957Munz, 1957 Munz, , 1958aWald, Brown & Brown, 1957). In this they differ from freshwater fish, which usually have purple-coloured retinae absorbing maximally at wavelengths around 525 mfL, and marine coastal fish, which usually, but not always, have reddish-coloured retinae absorbing maximally at wavelengths close to 500mfL (Wald, 1945-46;Dartnall, 1952; Munz, 1958b). This communication extends these studies to include three species of deep-sea elasmobranchs, using the classical method of making digitonin extracts.…”

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The Visual Pigments of Some Deep-Sea Elasmobranchs

Denton

Shaw

1963

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The deep-sea teleosts have golden-coloured retinae, the photosensitive pigments of which absorb maximally at wavelengths close to the band of wavelengths around 475 mfL to which the oceans are most transparent (Denton & . Warren, 1956, 1957Munz, 1957 Munz, , 1958aWald, Brown & Brown, 1957). In this they differ from freshwater fish, which usually have purple-coloured retinae absorbing maximally at wavelengths around 525 mfL, and marine coastal fish, which usually, but not always, have reddish-coloured retinae absorbing maximally at wavelengths close to 500mfL (Wald, 1945-46;Dartnall, 1952; Munz, 1958b). This communication extends these studies to include three species of deep-sea elasmobranchs, using the classical method of making digitonin extracts.With a little experience it is easy to estimate from the colours of freshly dissected retinae of dark-adapted animals the approximate wavelengths of maximum absorption of their retinal pigments. When interesting animals have been available on occasions when we could not make a detailed study of the retinal pigments, we have, therefore, examined their retinae also, comparing them with retinae from animals such as the frog and the conger eel, whose retinae have been very well studied. Here we describe observations of this kind made on the salmon and the Moray eel. MATERIALSThe deep-sea sharks, Centroscymnus coelolepis Bocage & Capello, Centrophorus squamosus Bonnaterre and Deania calcea Lowe, were caught at a depth of 1,150 m at 47°41'5' N., 7°36' W. They were caught at night in May using a deep-sea line. The hake, Merluccius merluccius (L.), were caught at night by trawl 21 miles south of the Wolf rock in the English channel. Moray eels, Muraena helena L., were supplied by fishermen working off Monaco. METHODSPreparation of retinae. The sharks and hake were caught at night and kept alive in a darkened sea-water tank for a few hours until their eyes were dissected. Moray eels were dark-adapted in a tank of sea water for several hours before their eyes were removed.'.

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Physiologic Chemistry of the Eye

Sallmann¹

1953

AMA Arch Ophthalmol

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Visual pigment 467, a photosensitive pigment present in tench retinae

Cited by 125 publications

References 8 publications

A photosensitive pigment of the carp retina

A photosensitive pigment of the carp retina

The Visual Pigments of Some Deep-Sea Elasmobranchs

Physiologic Chemistry of the Eye

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