Visual Presence: Viewing Geometry Visual Information of UHD S3D Entertainment

Abstract

To maximize the presence experienced by humans, visual content has evolved to achieve a higher visual presence in a series of high definition (HD), ultra HD (UHD), 8K UHD, and 8K stereoscopic 3D (S3D). Several studies have introduced visual presence delivered from content when viewing UHD S3D from a content analysis perspective. Nevertheless, no clear definition has been presented for visual presence, and only a subjective evaluation has been relied upon. The main reason for this is that there is a limitation to defining visual presence via the use of content information itself. In this paper, we define the visual presence for each viewing environment, and investigate a novel methodology to measure the experienced visual presence when viewing both 2D and 3D via the definition of a new metric termed volume of visual information by quantifying the influence of the viewing geometry between the display and viewer. To achieve this goal, the viewing geometry and display parameters for both flat and atypical displays are analyzed in terms of human perception by introducing a novel concept of pixel-wise geometry. In addition, perceptual weighting through analysis of content information is performed in accordance with monocular and binocular vision characteristics. In the experimental results, it is shown that the constructed model based on the viewing geometry, content, and perceptual characteristics has a high correlation of about 84% with subjective evaluations.

Curved TVs improved watching experience when display curvature radii approached viewing distances: Effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience

“…It was found that involvement [31], similar to engagement [62], was highest at a viewing distance of 5.2 H (1.1 m) for 17" TVs, 3 H (1.65 m) for 42" TVs, and 2 H (1.65 m) for 65" TVs, respectively. Additionally, it was found that a viewing distance of 2.5 H (2 m) provided the highest visual presence when watching 2D images on 65" flat ultra-high-definition (UHD) TVs, followed by 0.6 H (0.5 m) and 5 H (4 m) [68]. When similar viewing conditions are considered, the current results resemble those of these studies [31,40,68].…”

“…Additionally, it was found that a viewing distance of 2.5 H (2 m) provided the highest visual presence when watching 2D images on 65" flat ultra-high-definition (UHD) TVs, followed by 0.6 H (0.5 m) and 5 H (4 m) [68]. When similar viewing conditions are considered, the current results resemble those of these studies [31,40,68].…”

“…Contrarily, some previous studies showed that curved displays provided better TV watching experiences than flat displays. A study [68] found that the visual presence at a viewing distance of 2 m was 18% (for 2D content) and 9% (for 3D content) higher on a 45" 4200R curved TV screen relative to a 45" flat screen, argued to be due to improvements in visual sensitivity at the lateral areas of the curved screen. 'Realness' considered as a presence factor during watching was higher on 55" curved TVs relative to their flat counterpart when Table 4.…”

Modern trends on quality of experience assessment and future work

“…viewing geometry factors (viewing distance, display resolution, display size, and display types: flat or curved). Therefore, many existing QoE studies have applied viewing geometry to design a prediction model that reflects perceptual resolution [7,[33][34][35]. Figure 2(b) geometrically depicts an example of perceived pixel according to display type.…”

Image Synthesis With Efficient Defocus Blur for Stereoscopic Displays

“…Defocus blur as an important cue of depth perception has been widely used in image synthesis or rendering to enhance depth perception of stereoscopic 3D displays [1]- [5] and reduce the visual discomfort and fatigue [6] [7] due to mismatch between accommodation and vergence. The vergence is a depth perception process for binocular vision that brain compares and processes two images with slightly different distances from two eyes to form a single stereo image.…”