Visual requirement for Chinese reading with normal vision

Wang, Chenxiao; Lin, Na; Guo, Yingxuan

doi:10.1002/brb3.1216

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In other words, regardless of language, maximum reading speed was attained for character sizes 3.4 times larger than the size threshold. 6 The acuity reserve for the Chinese newspapers evaluated in the present study ranged from 3.55 to 4.61. This implies that the median character size in Chinese newspapers is always greater than the critical acuity reserve reported by Wang et al, 6 and thus, maximum reading speed should be possible for patients with normal visual acuity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Interestingly, Wang et al 6 recently evaluated Chinese and English reading performance by measuring reading speed as a function of font size in a group of Chinese college students fluent in both languages. The investigators designed and used equivalent visual acuity charts in Chinese and English and measured reading speed in both languages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Factors such as language skills, visual perception and cognition, character type, style, spacing, contrast, and reading distance add to the complexity of reading proficiently. 3 – 6 Accordingly, populations in different cultural or demographic areas, with different languages/script, may differ in their reading skills.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, there are few studies that assess the demands and acuity reserve for Chinese and how it compares with English. 6 , 11 Evaluating the demands of newspapers not only requires consideration of character style and print size but also the reading distance. In U.S. Food and Drug Administration clinical trials, measurement of near visual acuity is usually performed at a distance of 40 cm, a distance commonly used to perform near visual tasks, although there is considerable between-subject variation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Visual Demand and Acuity Reserve of Chinese versus English Newspapers

et al. 2020

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SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that Chinese newspaper characters are more legible than English newspaper letters. Characters in Chinese newspapers have higher acuity reserve than English newspapers. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual demand and acuity reserve for Chinese newspapers in comparison with published data on U.S. newspapers. METHODS The test distances for visual acuity in Chinese clinical studies were reviewed systematically. Characters from different sections of newspapers printed in simplified Chinese were evaluated. The character height, frequency, and visual demand and acuity reserve of each newspaper section were determined for Chinese characters of the six different levels of complexity. RESULTS More than 70% of Chinese clinical studies measure near visual acuity at either 33 or 40 cm. The height of Chinese characters ranged from 1.95 to 3.28 mm across different sections of five newspapers compared with 1.0 to 2.0 mm for English letters. The frequency of Chinese characters from least to most complex ranged from 7 to 34% across 12 sections of one Chinese newspaper. The angular threshold across the six complexity levels of Chinese characters ranged from 4.62 to 5.93 arcmin (0.54 to 0.69 mm at 40-cm reading distance) with a weighted angular threshold of 5.18 arcmin compared with 3.37 arcmin (0.39 mm) for the English letters. For Chinese newspapers, at 40-cm reading distance, the acuity reserve for the smallest and largest median size was 3.55 and 4.61, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chinese characters are larger than English characters in all newspaper sections newspapers by a factor of 1.60 to 2.34. Given that Chinese characters need to be 1.54 times larger than English letters to provide the same acuity reserve, on average, Chinese newspapers are more legible than U.S. English newspapers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Visual Demand and Acuity Reserve of Chinese versus English Newspapers

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, these do not always have the regularities of Latin letters 21 . A character may consist of 1 stroke, will others involve more than 60 strokes, leading to wide spatial complexities 22 .…”

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Visual acuity demands of different language mediums in modern primary school classrooms in Malaysia

Azizan

Kaur

et al. 2019

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Background: Good visual acuity is important for children’s learning but the actual visual acuity (VA) demands of classrooms are not well defined. Methods: In total, 61 classrooms from eight primary schools were included in this study. Classrooms were divided into lower and upper primary which reflect different stages of learning. Three types of national schools were included in the study, which were National, National Types Chinese (C) and Tamil (T). Each type of school utilizes different language as the medium of teaching. The measurements conducted in each classroom were: dimensions, maximum distance a student is seated and vertical height of the distance and near target. Near working distance of 28cm was assumed. Distance and near visual acuity demands (VA) were then calculated. Results: The distance and near VA demands were 0.11 ± 0.26 logMAR and 0.24 ± 0.10 logMAR for lower primary, and 0.09 ± 0.20 logMAR and 0.24 ± 0.09 logMAR for upper primary classrooms respectively. Distance and near VA demands between both stages were not significantly different (p>0.05). The distance and near VA demands for National schools were 0.24 ± 0.17 logMAR and 0.31 ± 0.04 logMAR, National Type (C) were 0.16 ± 0.11 logMAR and 0.13 ± 0.03 logMAR, National Type (T) were 0.09 ± 0.10 logMAR and 0.12 ± 0.03 logMAR respectively. There were significant differences for both distance and near VA demands between types of schools, F(2, 58) 42.19, p = 0.00; F (2, 58) 208.35, p = 0.00 respectively. Conclusions: High levels of visual acuity for distance and near are required to meet the demands of modern classroom environments. Both National Types schools require higher VA demand compared to National schools. These findings suggest current vision screening protocols and cut off points for schools might require revision.

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