1992
DOI: 10.3758/bf03206760
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Visual search for direction of shading is influenced by apparent depth

Abstract: Recent reports ofrapid visual search for some feature conjunctions-suggested that preattentive vision might be sensitive to scene-based as well as to image-based features (Enns & Rensink, 1990a, 1990b. This study examined visual search for targets defined by the direction of a luminance gradient, a conjunction of luminance and relative location that often: corresponds to ob-= ject curvature and direction of lighting in naturalistic scenes. Experiment 1 showed that such search is influenced by several factors, … Show more

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Cited by 55 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…This suggests that below a certain projected size ratio, depth cues cannot be ignored, which supports the suggestion that depth information is perceived at a preattentive level (Aks & Enns, 1992Enns & Rensink, 1991).…”
Section: Response Timessupporting
confidence: 65%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This suggests that below a certain projected size ratio, depth cues cannot be ignored, which supports the suggestion that depth information is perceived at a preattentive level (Aks & Enns, 1992Enns & Rensink, 1991).…”
Section: Response Timessupporting
confidence: 65%
“…Visual search performance is affected by depth information, such as 3-D orientation (Enns & Rensink, 1991), direction of light in a scene (Aks & Enns, 1992), and texture gradient (Aks & Enns, 1996). Therefore, it appears that, in adults, depth perception is a relatively low-level process that occurs in the early stages of visual perception.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These may operate, for example, to allow stored knowledge of objects' shapes to guide figure-ground segregation (Peterson, 1994) and recovery of 3-D shape (Moore & Cavanagh, 1998), or they may guide attention toward behaviorally relevant information within a familiar scene (Chun & Jiang, 1998. Alternatively, these mechanisms may be manifest as heuristic assumptions about the nature of the visual world that, though not infallible, are likely to be correct and can therefore provide computational shortcuts to facilitate veridical reconstruction of distal stimulus properties (e.g., Aks & Enns, 1992;Enns & Rensink, 1991;Ramachandran, 1988). Clearly, such processes exploit long-term regularities in the visual environment.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The more troubling data for conventional theories come from reports showing that pop-out is sometimes possible for complex spatial relations among simple features-especially when those relations signal important features in the 3-D domain, such as surface orientation, convexity, stereodepth, and direction of lighting (Aks & Enns, 1992;Enns & Rensink, 1990a, 1990b, 1991Kleffner & Ramachandran, 1992;Nakayama & Silver-man, 1986;Ramachandran, 1988). These findings strongly suggest that the mechanisms of visual search have access to a level of representation that has some information about 3-D object shape and surface layout.…”
Section: Experiments 1: Visual Search Is Influenced By a Background Tementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The second analysis used Steinberg's (1969aSteinberg's ( , 1969b) additive factors (AF) method to test the models of shared versus independent information from the two dimensions (see Aks & Enns, 1992, for a brief review of the relevant assumptions and procedures). In this test, size-consistency scores were analyzed as a function of perspective (presence, absence); compression (presence, absence); target size (short, long); item orientation (horizontal, vertical); and display size (2, 6, and 10 items).…”
Section: Data Analysesmentioning
confidence: 99%