Visual search for singleton feature targets across dimensions: Stimulus- and expectancy-driven effects in dimensional weighting.

Müller, Hermann J.; Reimann, Brit; Krummenacher, Joseph

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.29.5.1021

Cited by 227 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It may be noted, however, that in the Müller et al (2003) study mentioned above, the cost of a dimension switch, although reduced by a cue, was not eliminated even with a generous 1550 ms CSI.…”

Section: Other Evidence For Attentional Inertiamentioning

confidence: 76%

“…For example, modest dimension-switching costs are seen in visual search for a single-feature singleton when the target changes between colour and shape singletons, and these costs are attenuated -but not eliminated -by verbally cuing the dimension of the target (Müller, Reimann, & Krummenacher, 2003). It is widely agreed that the detection of targets defined by specified features (Wolfe & Horowitz, 2004), dimensions (Krummenacher & Müller, 2012), objects, and even categories of object (Nako, Wu & Eimer, 2014) can be proritized through top-down control.…”

Section: Other Evidence For Attentional Inertiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A change of task prolongs early processes: Evidence from ERPs in lexical tasks.

Elchlepp¹,

Lavric²,

Monsell³

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Switching tasks costs time. Allowing time to prepare reduces the cost, but usually leaves an irreducible "residual cost". Most accounts of this residual cost locate it within the responseselection stage of processing. To determine which processing stage is affected, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) as participants performed a reading or a perceptual judgment task and examined the effect of a task-switch on early markers of lexical processing. A task cue preceding a string of blue and red letters instructed the participant either to read the letter string (for a semantic classification in Experiment 1, a lexical decision in Experiment 2), or to judge the symmetry of its color pattern. In Experiment 1, having to switch to the reading task delayed the evolution of the effect of word frequency on the reading task ERP by a substantial fraction of the effect on RT. In Experiment 2, a task switch delayed the onset of the effect of lexical status on the ERP to about the same extent that it prolonged the RT. These effects indicate an early locus of (most of) the residual switch cost: we propose that this reflects a form of task-related attentional inertia. Other findings have implications for the automaticity of lexical access: effects of frequency, lexicality and orthographic familiarity on ERPs in the symmetry task indicated involuntary but attenuated orthographic and lexical processing even when attention was focused on a non-lexical property. 3It is generally harder to switch among several cognitive tasks than to continue to perform just one. A popular way to capture at least part of this multitasking overhead in the laboratory is to conduct a reaction time (RT) experiment in which, on each of a series of trials, a stimulus is presented, and the participant must perform one of several possible tasks. On some trials the task changes, on others it does not, other things being equal. Several such "task-switching" paradigms have been developed and extensively explored over the last two decades. (For reviews see Kiesel, Steinhauser, Wendt, Falkenstein, Jost, Philipp, & Koch, 2010;Monsell, 2003;Vandierendonck, Liefooghe, & Verbruggen, 2010). The most obvious phenomenon they reveal is the substantial cost to performance of a switch of task: the average RT for a correct response is longer (and there are usually more errors) when the task changes than when it does not.The opportunity to prepare for a task before presentation of the stimulus generally reduces this switch cost, but does not eliminate it (Meiran, 1996;Rogers & Monsell, 1995). To manipulate preparation time unconfounded by the time elapsing since the previous performance of a task, task-cuing can be used (Meiran, 1996): each stimulus follows the previous response by a standard interval, and a task cue precedes the stimulus by an interval which is independently manipulated to vary preparation time. As the cue-stimulus interval (CSI) is increased from zero, the RT switch cost reduces to an asymptotic residual cost, usually reached at a CSI of bet...

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Section: Other Evidence For Attentional Inertiamentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Other Evidence For Attentional Inertiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A change of task prolongs early processes: Evidence from ERPs in lexical tasks.

Elchlepp¹,

Lavric²,

Monsell³

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…In a recent study, Müller et al (2003) used a trial-by-trial dimensionalcueing procedure. Before each trial, a verbal cue (the words color and shape) indicated the likely target-defining dimension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that the cue allows participants to actively prepare themselves for the likely upcoming stimulus dimension. In terms of the dimensional-weighting account (Müller et al, 2003), or guided search (e.g., Wolfe et al, 2003), it is assumed that participants use the advance cue to allocate attentional weight to the likely target dimension. In Experiments 3 and 4, we used the same trial-by-trial procedure as did Müller et al (2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the dimensional-weighting account (Müller et al, 2003), or guided search (e.g., Wolfe et al, 2003), it is assumed that participants use the advance cue to allocate attentional weight to the likely target dimension. In Experiments 3 and 4, we used the same trial-by-trial procedure as did Müller et al (2003). However, instead of using a search task, we used a nonsearch task in which only one element was presented in the display.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response Selection Modulates Visual Search Within and Across Dimensions.

Mortier¹,

Theeuwes²,

Starreveld³

2005

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

119

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In feature search tasks, uncertainty about the dimension on which targets differ from the nontargets hampers search performance relative to a situation in which this dimension is known in advance. Typically, these cross-dimensional costs are associated with less efficient guidance of attention to the target. In the present study, participants either had to perform a feature search task or had to perform a nonsearch task, that is, respond to a target presented without nontargets. The target varied either in one dimension or across dimensions. The results showed similar effects both in search and nonsearch conditions: Preknowledge of the target dimension gave shorter response times than when the dimension was unknown. Similar results were found using a trial-by-trial cueing. It is concluded that effects that typically have been attributed to early top-down modulation of attentional guidance may represent effects that occur later in processing.

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Development of a machine learning model for extracting image prominent colors

Weingerl

Hladnik

Javoršek

2020

Color Research & Application

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Although an image can consist of myriad different colors, due to the limitations of the human visual system and the mechanism of selective visual attention, only a limited number of them are prominent, that is, they stand out or are noticeable at first sight. In this article, a framework for building a model for extracting image prominent colors based on machine learning is presented. The model is learned on human‐extracted themes of prominent colors and uses numerous features, which were defined based on the properties of human visual system. For the purpose of this study, we constructed a database of images with their associated human‐extracted themes of prominent colors, which are open to the public and available to other researchers. The analysis of observers' data shows a high interobserver agreement on prominent color categories as well as high diversity of prominent colors. According to our results, the most influential factors on the perception of prominent colors are associated with color coverage (which should be adjusted with a saliency map), color properties—lightness and chroma, and diversity of colors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on image prominent colors and first attempt to extract them with a model trained on the real data. The presented model has a high practical importance, since it can be used for extracting image colors in different scenarios, for example, for automatic color design, image categorization, as a descriptor in content‐based image retrieval, and image content analysis frameworks.

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Visual search for singleton feature targets across dimensions: Stimulus- and expectancy-driven effects in dimensional weighting.

Cited by 227 publications

References 37 publications

A change of task prolongs early processes: Evidence from ERPs in lexical tasks.

A change of task prolongs early processes: Evidence from ERPs in lexical tasks.

Response Selection Modulates Visual Search Within and Across Dimensions.

Development of a machine learning model for extracting image prominent colors

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