Visual search while driving: skill and awareness during inspection of the scene

Underwood, Geoffrey; Chapman, Peter; Bowden, Karen; Crundall, David

doi:10.1016/s1369-8478(02)00008-6

Cited by 231 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…making predictions) or are they merely fixating these precursors as part of a general search strategy that has developed with experience (e.g. Underwood et al, 2002)? In the latter case, an early fixation on a precursor may find little informative value to recommend priority inclusion in the current prediction process.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Manipulating the Point Of Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard prediction discriminates between novice and experienced drivers

Crundall

2016

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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135

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Typical hazard perception tests often confound multiple processes in their responses. The current study tested hazard prediction in isolation to assess whether this component can discriminate between novice and experienced drivers. A variant of the hazard perception test, based on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, found experienced drivers to outperform novices across three experiments suggesting that the act of predicting an imminent hazard is a crucial part of the hazard-perception process. Furthermore three additional hypotheses were tested in these experiments. First, performance was compared across clips of different length. There was marginal evidence that novice drivers' performance suffered with the longest clips, but experienced drivers' performance did not, suggesting that experienced drivers find hazard prediction less effortful. Secondly, predictive accuracy was found to be dependent on the temporal proximity of visual precursors to the hazard. Thirdly the relationship between the hazard and its precursor was found to be important, with less obvious precursors improving the discrimination between novice and experience drivers. These findings demonstrate that a measure of hazard prediction, which is less confounded by the influence of risk appraisal than simple response time measures, can still discriminate between novice and experienced drivers. Application of this methodology under different conditions can produce insights into the underlying processes that may be at work, whilst also providing an alternative test of driver skill in relation to the detection of hazards.3

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Section: Experiments 2: Manipulating the Point Of Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard prediction discriminates between novice and experienced drivers

Crundall

2016

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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150

135

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“…There are several possible explanations for deficiencies in hazard perception including inefficient search of the driving environment (Chapman, Underwood, & Roberts, 2002;Falkmer & Gregersen, 2005;Pradhan et al, 2005;, increased risk-taking (Jonah, 1986) and poorly developed mental models of driving risk (Horswill & McKenna, 2004;Underwood, et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found that they do not scan the roadway efficiently (Chapman, Underwood, & Roberts, 2002;Falkmer & Gregersen, 2005;Pradhan et al, 2005;Underwood, Chapman, Bowden, & Crundall, 2002) and so hazards that are identified by other more experienced drivers may go unnoticed. It may also be the case that novice drivers have an underdeveloped mental model of roadway hazards that might be present in driving situations (Horswill & McKenna, 2004;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a North American Static Hazard Perception Test

Lyon

Borkenhagen

Scialfa

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the 6th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design : Dr

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Summary:We examined the ability of young novice (M = .19 yrs experience) and experienced drivers (M = 5.1 yrs experience) to identify and localize frequently encountered roadway hazards using static images taken in western Canada. Dependent measures also included subjective ratings of hazard risk and scene clutter. Novice drivers reacted to roadway hazards more slowly while rating them as being less hazardous than young, experienced drivers. Using a small subset of scenes, it was determined that a brief hazard perception test employing static images could classify individuals with high accuracy (78%) and good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .91).

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“…Young drivers are poor at anticipating hazards (Horswill & McKenna, 2004;Underwood et al, 2002). Training programs have been developed that have been proven effective at improving young drivers' hazard anticipation skills both on a driving simulator and on road (Crundall et al, 2010;Pradhan et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Training Interventions on the Hazard Anticipation for Young Drivers Differing in Sensation Seeking Behavior

Zhang

Valluru

Zafian

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 9th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design: Dri

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Summary: Drivers younger than 25 years are overrepresented in fatal crashes compared to experienced drivers between 30 and 55 years of age. This age-related difference in crash statistics partly arises from younger drivers' poor hazard anticipation. Training programs (e.g. SAFE-T; Yamani et al. (2016)) have been shown effective at improving these drivers' anticipation behavior. However, individual differences such as sensation-seeking behavior, aggression, and driving violations exist in young drivers and may contribute to differences in their hazard anticipation. The current driving simulator study examined whether three individual differences known to characterize driving behavior can predict hazard anticipation performance for young drivers, and training effectiveness. K-mean clustering technique classified participants into two clusters based on their driving aggression, sensation seeking and driving violation scores. The results indicated that the low sensation-seeking drivers benefitted more from the training than their high sensation-seeking peers. These findings have design implications for the development of appropriate countermeasures for high sensation-seeking drivers.

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Visual search while driving: skill and awareness during inspection of the scene

Cited by 231 publications

References 10 publications

Hazard prediction discriminates between novice and experienced drivers

Hazard prediction discriminates between novice and experienced drivers

Developing a North American Static Hazard Perception Test

Effectiveness of Training Interventions on the Hazard Anticipation for Young Drivers Differing in Sensation Seeking Behavior

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