Visual simulation of rapidly freezing water based on crystallization

Abstract

We propose a physics-inspired simulation framework that expresses visual effects of flowing water frozen in glaze or directional icicles. The proposed ice model considers the direction of the water flow, which affects the growth of icicles. Water dynamics are computed using a conventional particle-based simulation. Ice glaze and directional icicles are generated by incorporating our freezing solver. To determine whether a water particle is converted into ice or remains liquid, we compute the nucleation energy based on the humidity and water flow. The humidity is approximated as a virtual water film on object surfaces. The water flow is incorporated by introducing a growth direction vector to guide the direction of icicle growth.Ice-generating regions can be controlled using 3-D modeling tools such as Autodesk Maya or 3DS Max. Experiments showed that a realistic ice glaze was created on the surfaces of objects and that icicles grew in the direction of the water flow.

Stable and Anisotropic Freezing Framework With Interaction Between IISPH Fluids and Ice Particles

“…In this paper, we propose a physics-based simulation technique that reflects the flow of water in the freezing process. Our method does not use a temperature-based model, but a crystallization-based state change model like Im et al's method [33]. Like their method, we also drew inspiration from the supercooled water phenomena, which stays liquid at temperatures below zero degrees and then freezes quickly when colliding with a cold surface(see Figure 1).…”

“…In the previous approaches, it was difficult to express the phenomenon of freezing as water flows along the surface of a solid, and because water particles are scattered by collisions between water and solid, the freezing modeling becomes unstable, resulting in lower freezing quality. In addition, in calculating the growth direction of ice that freezes while extending like a branch, it is difficult to realistically express the growth direction with an isotropic kernel [33]. Our technique can anisotropically generate or grow ice even when the flow of water changes dynamically due to external forces or collisions with objects.…”

Stable Anisotropic Freezing Modeling Technique Using the Interaction between IISPH Fluids and Ice Particles

“…여기서 p atm 는 유체 입자의 공기압력(Air pressure)이며, 본 논 문에서는 5000으로 설정했다. 우리가 사용한 표면장력 힘은 앞에서 정의한 두 가지 힘을 모두 사용한다 : 경계 부근에서도 유체 입자들의 불안정한 움직임 때문에 빙결 형태가 제대로 표현되지 않는 반면 (Figure 10a 참조), 제안하 (a) Im et al [5] (b) Our method Figure 10: Quality comparison at the boundary region between (a) Im et al [5] and (b) our method (red rectangle : boundary region, particle : fluid particle, mesh : ice surface).…”

“…Freezing water simulations on the Stanford Bunny with our method (inset image : Im et al[5], particle : fluid particle, mesh : ice surface).…”

“…Freezing water simulations on the Utah Teapot with our method (particle : fluid particle, mesh : ice surface, inset image : Im et al[5]). …”