Visual stress, its treatment with spectral filters, and its relationship to visually induced motion sickness

Wilkins, Arnold J.; Evans, Bruce J. W.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2009.01.011

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Indeed, a previous study has suggested that blue and bluish-green overlays (which exclude long-wavelength light) facilitate reading [30]; however, the most beneficial overlay color has been found to vary among individuals [5,8,22,23,31]. While the source of between-individual variation remains unclear [32], studies have investigated which colors are most beneficial to patients with MIS. Kumagai [33] reported that bluish-and greenish-colored overlays tend to facilitate reading and visual search in dyslexic students.…”

Section: Effect Of Color On Meares-irlen Syndromementioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Colored Overlays on Reading Comfort in People with and without Meares-Irlen Syndrome

Imaizumi

Hibino

Koyama

2016

IJAE

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People with Meares-Irlen syndrome (MIS) perceive visual distortions and abnormal brightness in text. Translucent colored overlays may alleviate these symptoms, making reading more comfortable. We examined various colors' effect on reading comfort, and whether colored overlays affect reading in Japanese participants with and without possible MIS. Participants read Japanese syllabary (Hiragana) and English alphabets with ten colored overlays (purple, rose, peach, orange, yellow, green, light blue, blue, blue-gray, and gray), and without overlay. After reading the texts, participants ranked each overlay color's reading comfort. In both the Hiragana and English alphabet conditions, participants with possible MIS ranked the blue-gray and light blue overlays highly, and normal controls ranked blue-gray, gray, green, and light blue highly. These results suggest that bluish-colored overlays make reading more comfortable in people with and without MIS.

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Section: Effect Of Color On Meares-irlen Syndromementioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Colored Overlays on Reading Comfort in People with and without Meares-Irlen Syndrome

Imaizumi

Hibino

Koyama

2016

IJAE

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“…This hypothesis implies that some individuals are affected by a sort of cortical hypersensitivity so that their visual cortex would overreact to intense visual stimulations thus determining the symptoms associated with visual stress, as fatigue and migraine. Building on this ground, Wilkins and Evans (2010) proposed that the colored overlays are effective because they distribute this excessive excitation and thus mitigate the symptoms of visual stress, thus improving written text processing and reading. Although this account lacks of strong empirical evidence (Henderson et al, 2013), a recent neuroimaging study by Chouinard et al (2012) provides some initial evidence showing cortical over-excitability in presence of visual stress syndrome.…”

Section: How Does Color Help Reading (If It Does)?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colors, colored overlays, and reading skills

2014

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In this article, we are concerned with the role of colors in reading written texts. It has been argued that colored overlays applied above written texts positively influence both reading fluency and reading speed. These effects would be particularly evident for those individuals affected by the so called Meares-Irlen syndrome, i.e., who experience eyestrain and/or visual distortions – e.g., color, shape, or movement illusions – while reading. This condition would interest the 12–14% of the general population and up to the 46% of the dyslexic population. Thus, colored overlays have been largely employed as a remedy for some aspects of the difficulties in reading experienced by dyslexic individuals, as fluency and speed. Despite the wide use of colored overlays, how they exert their effects has not been made clear yet. Also, according to some researchers, the results supporting the efficacy of colored overlays as a tool for helping readers are at least controversial. Furthermore, the very nature of the Meares-Irlen syndrome has been questioned. Here we provide a concise, critical review of the literature.

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“…Depending on the type of motion viewed by the stationary observers, VIMS has been referred to as cinerama sickness, flight simulator sickness, cibersickness (or virtual reality sickness) and others[11]. Some authors [12], [13] suggested that , although visual stress causing eyestrain and visually induced motion sickness are different conditions, they share some common mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of visually induced symptoms and associated factors in spectators of three dimensional stereoscopic movies

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe increasing popularity of commercial movies showing three dimensional (3D) computer generated images has raised concern about image safety and possible side effects on population health.This study aims to (1) quantify the occurrence of visually induced symptoms suffered by the spectators during and after viewing a commercial 3D movie and (2) to assess individual and environmental factors associated to those symptoms.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out using a paper based, self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire includes individual and movie characteristics and selected visually induced symptoms (tired eyes, double vision, headache, dizziness, nausea and palpitations). Symptoms were queried at 3 different times: during, right after and after 2 hours from the movie.ResultsWe collected 953 questionnaires. In our sample, 539 (60.4%) individuals reported 1 or more symptoms during the movie, 392 (43.2%) right after and 139 (15.3%) at 2 hours from the movie. The most frequently reported symptoms were tired eyes (during the movie by 34.8%, right after by 24.0%, after 2 hours by 5.7% of individuals) and headache (during the movie by 13.7%, right after by 16.8%, after 2 hours by 8.3% of individuals). Individual history for frequent headache was associated with tired eyes (OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.01-1.79), double vision (OR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.13-3.41), headache (OR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.41-3.10) during the movie and of headache after the movie (OR = 1.64; 95%CI = 1.16-2.32). Individual susceptibility to car sickness, dizziness, anxiety level, movie show time, animation 3D movie were also associated to several other symptoms.ConclusionsThe high occurrence of visually induced symptoms resulting from this survey suggests the need of raising public awareness on possible discomfort that susceptible individuals may suffer during and after the vision of 3D movies.

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Visual stress, its treatment with spectral filters, and its relationship to visually induced motion sickness

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of Colored Overlays on Reading Comfort in People with and without Meares-Irlen Syndrome

Effect of Colored Overlays on Reading Comfort in People with and without Meares-Irlen Syndrome

Colors, colored overlays, and reading skills

A survey of visually induced symptoms and associated factors in spectators of three dimensional stereoscopic movies

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