Visual, Vestibular and Somatosensory Contributions to Balance Control in the Older Adult

Manchester, Diane; Woollacott, Marjorie H.; Zederbauer-hylton, Niki; Marin, Oscar S.M.

doi:10.1093/geronj/44.4.m118

Cited by 383 publications

(207 citation statements)

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“…In group II a larger number of inhomogeneous graphs were recorded both with eyes open and with eyes closed, though the differences did not reach statistical significance. A decrease of articular mobility, especially at the ankle, as well as a decline of the ability to resolve sensorial information conflicts, might be the cause of these poorer results, forcing group II subjects to use an unstable strategy, 38 but these data should be confirmed in a larger series of subjects. Conversely, for the AA, IA, and AI groups, the achievement of more than 90% of homogeneous graphs during tests with the eyes open might suggest that exercise improves dynamic qualities and good control coordination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical and sporting activities on balance control in elderly people.

et al. 1999

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Objective-Balance disorders increase with aging and raise the risk of accidental falls in the elderly. It has been suggested that the practice of physical and sporting activities (PSA) eYciently counteracts these age related disorders, reducing the risk of falling significantly. Methods-This study, principally based on a period during which the subjects were engaged in PSA, included 65 healthy subjects, aged over 60, who were living at home. Three series of posturographic tests (static, dynamic with a single and fast upward tilt, and dynamic with slow sinusoidal oscillations) analysing the centre of foot pressure displacements or electromyographic responses were conducted to determine the eVects of PSA practice on balance control. Results-The major variables of postural control were best in subjects who had always practised PSA (AA group). Those who did not take part in PSA at all (II group) had the worst postural performances, whatever the test. Subjects having lately begun PSA practice (IA group) had good postural performances, close to those of the AA group, whereas the subjects who had stopped the practice of PSA at an early age (AI group) did not perform as well. Overall, the postural control in the group studied decreased in the order AA>IA>AI>II. Conclusions-The period during which PSA are practised seems to be of major importance, having a positive bearing on postural control. It seems that recent periods of practice have greater beneficial eVects on the subject's postural stability than PSA practice only at an early age. These data are compatible with the fact that PSA are extremely useful for elderly people even if it has not been a lifelong habit. (Br J Sports Med 1999;33:121-126)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical and sporting activities on balance control in elderly people.

et al. 1999

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“…26 A decline in somatosensory information from the feet is a major factor in this pattern change with age. 27 Therefore the considerable impact of tai chi practice on ankle proprioception is of great benefit in the retention of balance control in old people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tai chi exercise on proprioception of ankle and knee joints in old people

Hong

Li³

et al. 2004

Br J Sports Med

179

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Objectives: To assess if tai chi, a traditional Chinese form of exercise, could improve proprioception in old people and if the effects of tai chi on proprioception are more evident than other exercise forms in the elderly. Methods: By detecting the threshold of passive movement, ankle and knee joint kinaesthesis was measured in 21 elderly long term tai chi practitioners (TC group), 20 elderly long term swimmers/runners (S/R group), and 27 elderly sedentary controls (control group). Results: Ankle joint kinaesthesis differed significantly among the three groups (p = 0.001). Subjects in the TC group could detect a significantly smaller amount of motion than those in the S/R group (p = 0.022) and control group (p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between the S/R group and the control group (p = 0.701). The threshold for detection of passive motion was significantly different in knee extension and flexion. For knee flexion, the TC group showed a significantly lower mean threshold for detection of passive motion than the control group (p = 0.026). There were no significant differences between the S/R group and control group (p = 0.312), or between the TC group and S/R group (p = 0.533). For knee extension, no significant difference was noted among the three groups (p = 0.597). Conclusions: The elderly people who regularly practiced tai chi not only showed better proprioception at the ankle and knee joints than sedentary controls, but also better ankle kinaesthesis than swimmers/ runners. The large benefits of tai chi exercise on proprioception may result in the maintenance of balance control in older people.

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“…The majority of falls are the result of trips23 and serious injury due to falls is a significant problem to the aging adult. It has been suggested that falls cause more than two thirds of the accidental deaths in the over 75 age group 24. The reduction in the number of hits around the travel pathway after cataract surgery suggests that surgery may prevent trips and subsequent falls occurring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in clinical and functional vision and perceived visual disability after first and second eye cataract surgery

Elliott

Patla

Bullimore

1997

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Aims-To determine the improvements in clinical and functional vision and perceived visual disability after first and second eye cataract surgery. Methods-Clinical vision (monocular and binocular high and low contrast visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and disability glare), functional vision (face identity and expression recognition, reading speed, word acuity, and mobility orientation), and perceived visual disability (Activities of Daily Vision Scale) were measured in 25 subjects before and after uncomplicated cataract surgery (10 first eye surgery and 15 second eye surgery) and in 10 age matched controls. Results-Significant improvements were found after surgery in clinical and functional vision and perceived visual disability. Greater improvements were found after first eye surgery than after second eye surgery. However, first eye surgery did not return all scores to age matched normal levels. There were significant improvements in several of the tests measured after second eye surgery, and all postoperative values were similar to those from age matched normals. Conclusions-Significant improvements in clinical, functional, and perceived vision are obtained by cataract surgery. The improvements in objective measures of functional vision found in this study support previous findings of improvements in patients' perceived functional vision. In addition, these data provide support to the necessity of second eye surgery in some patients to improve certain aspects of visual function to age matched normal levels. (Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:889-895) Cataract surgery with lens implantation has been shown to be a highly eVective treatment for vision loss due to cataract.

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Visual, Vestibular and Somatosensory Contributions to Balance Control in the Older Adult

Cited by 383 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of physical and sporting activities on balance control in elderly people.

Effects of physical and sporting activities on balance control in elderly people.

Effect of tai chi exercise on proprioception of ankle and knee joints in old people

Improvements in clinical and functional vision and perceived visual disability after first and second eye cataract surgery

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