Visual working memory for trained and novel polygons

Chen, Diyu; Eng, Hing Yee; Jiang, Yuhong

doi:10.1080/13506280544000282

Cited by 46 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Pashler concluded that this lack of a familiarity effect revealed that the visual short-term memory system, which was used to store information for comparison of the two arrays, does not depend on item recognition or familiarity. The lack of a familiarity benefit for change detection has also been shown for other novel stimuli (e.g., polygons; Chen, Eng, & Jiang, 2006), even when subjects gain familiarity with the stimuli by completing over 5,000 trials over the course of 10 sessions (Eng, Chen, & Jiang, 2005). Our task did not require visual short-term memory storage for sequential comparison, in the manner of a change detection task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Familiarity does not affect the unilateral field advantage for repetition detection

Butcher

Cavanagh

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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We have previously reported evidence that repetitions of letters, colors, sizes, and common motion paths are more rapidly detected when they are presented unilaterally (i.e., both in the same visual field) versus bilaterally (one element in each visual field; Butcher and Cavanagh (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 70:714-724, 2008). Here, we report evidence that this unilateral field advantage (UFA) for repetition detection does not depend on prior experience with the elements that comprise the repetition. In Experiment 1, native English, Persian, and Japanese speakers were tested on a repetition detection task involving characters from Western, Arabic, and Japanese character sets. The character sets were tested in blocks, in each of which subjects were presented with four characters for 16 ms and asked to report whether any two of the characters were identical. The subjects were faster detecting repetitions that were presented unilaterally rather than bilaterally, and there was no interaction with stimulus familiarity. A second experiment replicated this finding with native English speakers only, using a longer stimulus duration (150 ms). We had previously proposed that the UFA arises because the low-level processes that group physically identical items operate more efficiently within than across hemifields. Our data now indicate that this grouping process is insensitive to item familiarity, supporting the claim that the process is low-level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Familiarity does not affect the unilateral field advantage for repetition detection

Butcher

Cavanagh

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Particularly, is there another mechanism to capture input with current PC-based technology? Nelson found that people were better at discriminating between images than words-the Picture Superiority Effect [19,20]. Humans possess a strong ability to discriminate between subtle differences in images; hence, a graphical "password" scheme could be effective.…”

Section: Text-based Passwords: a Low-entropy Solution In Practicementioning

confidence: 97%

“…The user supplying personally meaningful images is an essential component in this process. • Several articles have empirically demonstrated that graphical passwords have higher recall rates than text-based passwords-especially when considering passwords of equal entropy [19,20]. For further examples, see Sect.…”

Section: Two-stage Graphically Based Authenticationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Token-based graphical password authentication

Gyorffy

Tappenden

Miller

2011

Int. J. Inf. Secur.

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Given that phishing is an ever-increasing problem, a better authentication system is required. We propose a system that uses a graphical password deployed from a Trojan and virus-resistant embedded device. The graphical password utilizes a personal image to construct an image hash, which is provided as input into a cryptosystem that returns a password. The graphical password requires the user to select a small number of points on the image. The embedded device will then stretch these points into a long alphanumeric password. With one graphical password, the user can generate many passwords from their unique embedded device. The image hash algorithm employed by the device is demonstrated to produce random and unique 256-bit message digests and was found to be responsive to subtle changes in the underlying image. Furthermore, the device was found to generate passwords with entropy significantly larger than that of users passwords currently employed today.

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“…Consciously processed information at a particular time constitutes our mental consciousness of the here and now. Its content can derive from external sources (i.e., information received through senses; Lee, & Chun, 2001;Woodman, Vecera, & Luck, 2003;Chen, Eng, & Jiang, 2006) and internal sources (i.e., retrieved resources from LTM; Fuster, 1998;van der Linden, 1998;Song, & Jiang, 2005). To avoid memorization of the meanings and the influence of emotions on the WM process, which would not allow the precise measurement of WM capacity, we chose sequences of objects that are not related in any meaningful way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bit value of working memory.

Kaczmarzyk

Francikowski

Łozowski

et al. 2013

Psychology & Neuroscience

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The present study was based on the hypothesis that a limited amount of information can be simultaneously processed in working memory. The main objective was to determine the capacity of working memory under experiment conditions and express it in terms of bits of information. The bit values of the selected objects used in the experiment were determined using Shannon's formula. The objects were presented to the participants as a set of charts. Each chart presented a four-element object with a particular bit value. The elements constituted commonly known signs, with no difficulty in perception. The efficiency of object recollection from working memory decreased as the bit value of the object increased. In each of the experiments, the bit value of the recollected information oscillated between 26.7 and 31.9. The present results did not confirm sex differences in working memory function.

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Visual working memory for trained and novel polygons

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Familiarity does not affect the unilateral field advantage for repetition detection

Familiarity does not affect the unilateral field advantage for repetition detection

Token-based graphical password authentication

The bit value of working memory.

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