Visualization in Operations Management Research

Abstract

The unprecedented availability of data, along with the growing variety of software packages to visualize it, presents both opportunities and challenges for operations management (OM) research. OM researchers typically use data to describe conditions, predict phenomena, or make prescriptions depending on whether they are building, testing, or translating theories to practice. Visualization, when used appropriately, can complement, aid, and augment the researcher’s understanding in the different stages of research (theory building, testing, or translating and conveying results). On the other hand, if used incorrectly or without sufficient consideration, visualization can yield misleading and erroneous claims. This article formally examines the benefits of visualization as a complementary method enhancing each stage of a broader OM research strategy by examining frameworks and cases from extant research in different OM contexts. Our discussion offers guidance with regard to researchers’ use of visual data renderings, particularly toward avoiding misrepresentation, which can arise with the incorrect use of visualization. We close with a consideration of emerging trends and their implications for researchers and practitioners as well as recommendations for both authors and reviewers, regardless of domain, in evaluating the effectiveness of visuals at each stage of research.

Commentary on “Visualization in Operations Management Research”: Incorporating Statistical Thinking into Visualization Practices for Decision Making in Operational Management

“…Different encoding approaches lead to differences in decoding information. Basole et al (2021) use the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization to demonstrate misrepresentations by inclusion and omission on a graph. We agree that this is highly pertinent to enhance the visual decoding accuracy of a graph and that the discussion can be extended to include the choices in the visual encoding process.…”

“…1. Introduction Basole et al (2021) demonstrate that visualization can aid or mislead depending on its use. We strongly agree that visualization is indeed a double-edged sword that can uncover unexpected information and communicate information effectively, but poor practices can lead to misinterpretation or overemphasis of a feature in the plot.…”

“…We strongly agree that visualization is indeed a double-edged sword that can uncover unexpected information and communicate information effectively, but poor practices can lead to misinterpretation or overemphasis of a feature in the plot. Applying the Gestalt laws, Basole et al (2021) illustrate the importance of choosing the appropriate chart elements. We concur that appropriate visual encoding is vital for enhancing the visual decoding accuracy of a graph; however, there is more discussion needed on the visual encoding process and the incorporation of statistical thinking when working with visual displays of data.…”

“…It is motivating to see that Basole et al (2021) provide an instructive framework on the goal, benefits, and challenges of visualization, considering the iterative and evolving nature of graphical process and the varying needs and challenges presented at different stages of empirical operational management research. We find the discussion highlighting the continuing and emerging concerns in terms of data security and data ethics and how they relate to visualization intriguing and timely.…”

Commentary on “Visualization in Operations Management Research”

“…This valuable paper (Basole et al 2021) promotes visualization in operations management (OM) research. However, I believe (1) that a wider scope would provide a stronger foundation for their encouragement and (2) that a more positive attitude would increase the chances of their succeeding.…”