Visualization of blood cell contrast in nailfold capillaries with high-speed reverse lens mobile phone microscopy

McKay, Gregory N.; Mohan, Nela; Butterworth, I.; Bourquard, Aurélien; Sánchez‐Ferro, Álvaro; Castro-González, Carlos; Durr, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1364/boe.382376

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In both in vivo and ex vivo microscopy applications, others have utilized an reversed smartphone lens to match the light collection angle of the built-in lens phone and relay distortion-free conjugate images to the CMOS sensor that fill the entire sensor. 16 , 57 , 61 , 62 For reproducible calibration of spectral response across different smartphone models, several reports have utilized commercially available reference color targets (X-rite ColorChecker for example) to apply phone-by-phone calibration factors. 63 – 69 Quantitative methods for calibration of SBI systems have also been proposed.…”

Section: System Interface Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the primary in vivo diagnostic modalities proposed for SBI systems include white light imaging, 52 , 65 , 66 , 91 , 100 – 102 , 126 – 133 autofluorescence imaging, 17 , 65 , 66 , 71 , 100 multispectral/hyperspectral imaging, 52 , 64 , 88 endoscopy, 10 – 13 in vivo spectroscopy, 14 , 51 , 85 and in vivo microscopy. 14 – 16 , 62 , 134 For these modalities, the most frequent imaging sites are external tissues (dermis, facial, and retinal), externally accessible tissues (oral cavity, cervix, and ear), as well as some deeper tissues in the case of endoscopy (bladder, larynx, and esophagus).…”

Section: Context and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smartphone-based imaging systems for medical applications: a critical review

2021

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. Significance: Smartphones come with an enormous array of functionality and are being more widely utilized with specialized attachments in a range of healthcare applications. A review of key developments and uses, with an assessment of strengths/limitations in various clinical workflows, was completed. Aim: Our review studies how smartphone-based imaging (SBI) systems are designed and tested for specialized applications in medicine and healthcare. An evaluation of current research studies is used to provide guidelines for improving the impact of these research advances. Approach: First, the established and emerging smartphone capabilities that can be leveraged for biomedical imaging are detailed. Then, methods and materials for fabrication of optical, mechanical, and electrical interface components are summarized. Recent systems were categorized into four groups based on their intended application and clinical workflow: ex vivo diagnostic, in vivo diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment guidance. Lastly, strengths and limitations of current SBI systems within these various applications are discussed. Results: The native smartphone capabilities for biomedical imaging applications include cameras, touchscreens, networking, computation, 3D sensing, audio, and motion, in addition to commercial wearable peripheral devices. Through user-centered design of custom hardware and software interfaces, these capabilities have the potential to enable portable, easy-to-use, point-of-care biomedical imaging systems. However, due to barriers in programming of custom software and on-board image analysis pipelines, many research prototypes fail to achieve a prospective clinical evaluation as intended. Effective clinical use cases appear to be those in which handheld, noninvasive image guidance is needed and accommodated by the clinical workflow. Handheld systems for in vivo , multispectral, and quantitative fluorescence imaging are a promising development for diagnostic and treatment guidance applications. Conclusions: A holistic assessment of SBI systems must include interpretation of their value for intended clinical settings and how their implementations enable better workflow. A set of six guidelines are proposed to evaluate appropriateness of smartphone utilization in terms of clinical context, completeness, compactness, connectivity, cost, and claims. Ongoing work should prioritize realistic clinical assessments with quantitative and qualitative comparison to non-smartphone systems to clearly demonstrate the value of smartphone-based systems. Improved hardware design to accommodate the rapidly changing smartphone ecosystem, creation of open-source image acquisition and analysis pipelines, and adoption of robust calibration techniques to address phone-to-phone variability are three high priority areas to move SBI research forwar...

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Section: System Interface Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Context and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone-based imaging systems for medical applications: a critical review

2021

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“…Their system costs less than $3,000 and achieves sub-micron resolution over a sample area of nearly 0.5mm. McKay et al [6] demonstrate the power of smartphone optics for non-invasive screening. Using a reverse lens technique and oblique illumination, they demonstrate measurement of optical absorption gaps that may be used for white blood cell screening.…”

Section: Smartphone-based Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Technologies for Improving Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings: introduction to the feature issue

Bowden¹,

Durr²,

Erickson³

et al. 2020

Biomed. Opt. Express

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This feature issue of Biomedical Optics Express presents a cross-section of interesting and emerging work of relevance to optical technologies in low-resource settings. In particular, the technologies described here aim to address challenges to meeting healthcare needs in resourceconstrained environments, including in rural and underserved areas. This collection of 18 papers includes papers on both optical system design and image analysis, with applications demonstrated for ex vivo and in vivo use. All together, these works portray the importance of global health research to the scientific community and the role that optics can play in addressing some of the world's most pressing healthcare challenges.

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“…This includes cancer patients who are at increased risk of infection from the side effects of chemotherapy, and who have infrequent access to phlebotomy-based blood cell counts in hospital settings. Low-cost, mobile phone-based versions of this technology have been developed, indicating this technique could have further impact as a point-of-care tool in low-and middle-income countries that lack access to laboratory equipment [3,4]. Neutropenia screening with nailfold capillaroscopy relies on detecting and quantifying optical absorption gaps (OAGs) that are most likely to contain a neutrophil, based on features described in literature [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering oblique plane microscopy for in-vivo blood cell imaging

McKay¹,

Niemeier²,

Castro-González³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Oblique plane microscopy (OPM) enables high speed, volumetric fluorescence imaging through a single-objective geometry. While these advantages have positioned OPM as a valuable tool to probe biological questions in animal models, its potential for in vivo human imaging is largely unexplored due to its typical use with exogenous fluorescent dyes. Here we introduce a scattering-contrast oblique plane microscope (sOPM) and demonstrate label-free imaging of blood cells flowing through human capillaries in vivo. The sOPM illuminates a capillary bed in the ventral tongue with an oblique light sheet, and images side-and backscattered signal from blood cells. By synchronizing sOPM with a conventional capillaroscope, we acquire paired widefield and axial images of blood cells flowing through a capillary loop. The widefield capillaroscope image provides absorption contrast and confirms the presence of red blood cells (RBCs), while the sOPM image may aid in determining whether optical absorption gaps (OAGs) between RBCs have cellular or acellular composition. Further, we demonstrate consequential differences between fluorescence and scattering versions of OPM by imaging the same polystyrene beads sequentially with each technique. Lastly, we substantiate in vivo observations by imaging isolated red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in vitro using 3D agar phantoms. These results demonstrate a promising new avenue towards in vivo blood analysis.

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Visualization of blood cell contrast in nailfold capillaries with high-speed reverse lens mobile phone microscopy

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Smartphone-based imaging systems for medical applications: a critical review

Smartphone-based imaging systems for medical applications: a critical review

Optical Technologies for Improving Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings: introduction to the feature issue

Scattering oblique plane microscopy for in-vivo blood cell imaging

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