Visualization of extracellular DNA released during border cell separation from the root cap

Wen, Fushi; Curlango‐Rivera, Gilberto; Huskey, David A.; Zhou, Xiong; Hawes, Martha C.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1700142

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Extensin macromolecules could possibly interact through isodityrosine bonds – catalysed by peroxidases present in the RET secretions – thus forming a sort of physical barrier or scaffold template that reinforces the whole network (Castilleux et al , ). The scaffold could include other molecules such as xyloglucan and exDNA on which antimicrobial compounds could assemble in a rapid‐response system to pathogen infection (Wen et al , ; Ropitaux et al , ).…”

Section: Rets and Nets Form From Pre‐existing Tissue And Organ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Root extracellular traps versus neutrophil extracellular traps in host defence, a case of functional convergence?

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The root cap releases cells that produce massive amounts of mucilage containing polysaccharides, proteoglycans, extracellular DNA (exDNA) and a variety of antimicrobial compounds. The released cells – known as border cells or border‐like cells – and mucilage secretions form networks that are defined as root extracellular traps (RETs). RETs are important players in root immunity. In animals, phagocytes are some of the most abundant white blood cells in circulation and are very important for immunity. These cells combat pathogens through multiple defence mechanisms, including the release of exDNA‐containing extracellular traps (ETs). Traps of neutrophil origin are abbreviated herein as NETs. Similar to phagocytes, plant root cap‐originating cells actively contribute to frontline defence against pathogens. RETs and NETs are thus components of the plant and animal immune systems, respectively, that exhibit similar compositional and functional properties. Herein, we describe and discuss the formation, molecular composition and functional similarities of these similar but different extracellular traps.

show abstract

Section: Rets and Nets Form From Pre‐existing Tissue And Organ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…other molecules such as xyloglucan and exDNA on which antimicrobial compounds could assemble in a rapid-response system to pathogen infection (Wen et al, 2017;Ropitaux et al, 2019).…”

Section: Rets and Nets Form From Pre-existing Tissue And Organ Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root extracellular traps versus neutrophil extracellular traps in host defence, a case of functional convergence?

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…DNA-specific binding to metals has been studied in detail (Zhou et al, 2017), and understanding how exDNA-metal traps form and function could yield key insights into plant, animal, and soil health. As previously established, nuclease degradation of exDNA in border cell traps results in hampered trapping capacity of both abiotic and biotic stressors (Hawes et al, 2016a;Tran et al, 2016;Wen et al, 2017;Park et al, 2019). There is potential to improve agricultural pest management and remediation of contaminated sites through exploitation of this exDNA-based mechanism, perhaps by identifying specific DNA sequences that preferentially bind to metals and microbes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Previously known as "sloughed root cap cells" (Knudson, 1919) based on the premise that they die and fall off, border cells are now known to function in protection of the growing root tip by a newly recognized immune response first identified in mammalian systems (Brinkmann et al, 2004). Like neutrophils, metabolically active border cells export extracellular DNA (exDNA)-based traps that protect root tips by immobilizing pathogens and thereby preventing infection (Hawes et al, 2012(Hawes et al, , 2016aWen et al, 2017). Genes encoding extracellular DNases (exDNases), which degrade exDNA, facilitate virulence of bacterial and fungal pathogens in both mammalian and plant systems (Buchanan et al, 2006;McCormick et al, 2010;Tran et al, 2016;Park et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of rhodizonic acid for rapid detection of root border cell trapping of lead and reversal of trapping with DNase

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Premise of the Study Lead (Pb) is a contaminant whose removal from soil remains a challenge. In a previous study, border cells released from root tips were found to trap Pb, alter its chemistry, and prevent root uptake. Rhodizonic acid ( RA ) is a forensic tool used to reveal gunshot residue, and also to detect Pb within plant tissues. Here we report preliminary observations to assess the potential application of RA in exploring the dynamics of Pb accumulation at the root tip surface. Methods and Results Corn root tips were immersed in Pb solution, stained with RA , and observed microscopically. Pb trapping by border cells was evident within minutes. The role of extracellular DNA was revealed when addition of nucleases resulted in dispersal of RA ‐stained Pb particles. Conclusions RA is an efficient tool to monitor Pb–root interactions. Trapping by border cells may control Pb levels and chemistry at the root tip surface. Understanding how plants influence Pb distribution in soil may facilitate its remediation.

show abstract

“…In 2016, these findings were supported by the results of Tran et al who showed that extracellular DNases from the plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum degrade these extracellular traps and contribute to virulence [162]. Wen and coworkers showed that root tips of Zea mays display DNA-positive strands within 1 to 2 min after immersion in water [163]. The structures disappeared when treated with DNAse I [163].…”

Section: Extracellular Traps In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms

Neumann

Brogden²,

Köckritz-Blickwede

2020

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The discovery, in 2004, of extracellular traps released by neutrophils has extended our understanding of the mode of action of various innate immune cells. This fascinating discovery demonstrated the extracellular trapping and killing of various pathogens by neutrophils. During the last decade, evidence has accumulated showing that extracellular traps play a crucial role in the defence mechanisms of various cell types present in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. The aim of this review is to summarise the relevant literature on the evolutionary history of extracellular traps used as a weapon in various kingdoms of life. Biology 2020, 9, 34 2 of 23On the basis of findings from several studies mostly performed with human and murine neutrophils, the following three different pathways that lead to the formation of ETs by innate immune cells have been identified: (1) Release of nuclear DNA by ETosis, a suicidal cell death associated with the rupture of the nuclear membrane prior to cell lysis [14,15]; (2) vesicular release of nuclear DNA by viable cells [16,17]; and (3) release of mitochondrial DNA [18,19]. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to one or the other phenotype of ET formation has still not been entirely clarified. A group of renowned scientists and experts on NETs has recently published an opinionated review on the subject due to the abundance of available data that has also led to some confusion in the NET/ET research community because of contradictory results and divergent scientific concepts, for example, the molecular pathways of ET formation or the origin of the DNA that forms the ET scaffold [20]. There is a strong consensus about the composition of ETs among the findings that NETs contain a high amount of granule proteins, for example, cell-type-specific proteases and other antibacterial molecules that are associated with DNA-histone complexes. However, it is still unclear how different triggers or pathways have led to phenotypical differences about the source of DNA or viability of the ET-releasing cell.Comparison of ET phenotypical differences between host species in relation to evolutionary aspects, especially by comparing data from phylogenetic groups, would help to understand the pathways of ET formation in more detail.

show abstract

Visualization of extracellular DNA released during border cell separation from the root cap

Abstract: DNA is an integral component of border cell extracellular traps.

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

Root extracellular traps versus neutrophil extracellular traps in host defence, a case of functional convergence?

Root extracellular traps versus neutrophil extracellular traps in host defence, a case of functional convergence?

Use of rhodizonic acid for rapid detection of root border cell trapping of lead and reversal of trapping with DNase

Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About