Visualization of Flow Resistance in Physiological Nasal Respiration

Ishikawa, Shigeru; Nakayama, Tsuneyoshi; Watanabe, Masahiro; Matsuzawa, Teruo

doi:10.1001/archotol.132.11.1203

Cited by 48 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The coefficient of viscosity was 1.822×10 -5 Pa・s and the density was 1.205 kg·m -3 . The magnitude of the inlet velocity was calculated from the volume flow rate (2.000 × 10 -4 m 3 ·s -1 ) 13 and the area of the inlet. The outlet condition was applied as the free outflow boundary condition.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Models Of the Nasal Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational Fluid Dynamic Study of Nasal Respiratory Function Before and After Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery With Bone Trimming at the Inferior Edge of the Pyriform Aperture

Kita

Oshima

Shimazaki

et al. 2016

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Section: Three-dimensional Models Of the Nasal Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Consequently, a new and reliable method needs to be developed M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 for evaluation purposes. Recently, a number of researchers have been investigating human upper airway respiration using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamic Study of Nasal Respiratory Function Before and After Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery With Bone Trimming at the Inferior Edge of the Pyriform Aperture

Kita

Oshima

Shimazaki

et al. 2016

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…However, experimental data are necessarily discrete, and detailed noninvasive investigation is difficult because the nasal meatus is too complex and narrow to install the sensor. Several researchers continue to explore the nasal cavity by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations (5) (6) . CFD is an easy, noninvasive means of acquiring nasal information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Latent Heat in the Nasal Cavity

Hanida

Mori

Kumahata

et al. 2013

JBSE

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Among the several functions of the nasal cavity, temperature and humidity adjustments are important for preserving the trachea and lungs. The functions of the nasal cavity have been clarified in experiments investigating the conditions in the nasal cavity. However, the difficulties of noninvasive measurements have rendered nasal cavity simulations an attractive alternative. Data are readily obtained from a simulated result. In this study, airflow, temperature, and humidity transfer in the human nasal cavity were investigated in a nasal cavity wall model of temperature and humidity transport. The simulated result was verified by comparison with experimental data. A reasonable agreement was attained between experimental data and a model incorporating the latent heat effect. The model simulates heat and water exchange in the nasal cavity. In all cases, the temperature and humidity of the inhaled air were adjusted to suitable physiological values. Temperature and humidity gradients were highest at the front of the nasal cavity. The influence of latent heat was clarified by comparing simulation results with and without latent heat under several inhaled air conditions. In the hot-humid inhaled air case, temperature in the Kiesselbach area was increased by latent heat of condensation, and relative humidity declined. In the other inhaled air cases, the temperature in the Kiesselbach area was decreased by latent heat of evaporation, while relative humidity increased. Latent heat effect was particularly influential in the hot inhaled air case.

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“…There is a substantial amount of research in the simulation of the airflow in the HUA using CFD [54,68,69,73,90,145]. In these cases, the HUA cavity is modelled as a two or three-dimensional model, with varying levels of detail.…”

Section: Cfd Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biomechanics of the human tongue

Kajee

Pelteret

Reddy

2013

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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AcknowledgementsI would like express my gratitude to the following people for their assistance, leading to the successful completion of this work:The invaluable guidance provided by Prof. B. D. Reddy was integral to completing this project.It was an honour and a privilege to have worked with someone with such vast experience, knowledge and wisdom. Throughout my time at Cerecam, he has shown great patience and understanding.Dr. Andrew T. McBride assisted in times of difficulty, even during the most demanding times of his own PhD studies. His generosity, kindness, and outstanding work ethics have been an inspiration.Jean-Paul Pelteret is the person I worked with the most during this project. Without his invaluable assistance, this project could be likened to a Sisyphean task.It was an honour to have worked amongst such an esteemed group of academics at Cerecam. Many lunch hours and tea-breaks discussing everyday issues in a friendly atmosphere has proven fruitful. The geometry of the tongue, and each muscle group of the tongue, are visually identified, and its geometry captured using Mimics [100]. Various image processing tools available in Mimics, such as image segmentation, region-growing and volume generation were used to form the three-dimensional model of the tongue geometry. Muscle fibre orientations were extracted from the same dataset, also using Mimics.The muscle model presented here is based on Hill's three-element model for representation of the constituent parts of muscle fibres. This Hill-type muscle model also draws from recent work in muscle modelling, by Martins [88]. The model is implemented in an Abaqus user element (UEL) subroutine [24]. The transversely isotropic behaviour of the muscle tissue is accounted for, as well as the influence of muscle activation.The mechanics of the model is limited to static, small-strain, anisotropic, linear-elastic behaviour, and the governing equations are suitably linearized. The body position of the patient during an apneic episode is accounted for in the simulations, as well as the effect of gravity. The focus of this study is on tongue muscle behaviour under gravitational loading, simulating a simplified OSA event.Future models will incorporate airway pressure as well. The behaviour of the model is illustrated in a number of benchmark tests, and computational examples.iii

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Visualization of Flow Resistance in Physiological Nasal Respiration

Cited by 48 publications

References 20 publications

Computational Fluid Dynamic Study of Nasal Respiratory Function Before and After Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery With Bone Trimming at the Inferior Edge of the Pyriform Aperture

Computational Fluid Dynamic Study of Nasal Respiratory Function Before and After Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery With Bone Trimming at the Inferior Edge of the Pyriform Aperture

Influence of Latent Heat in the Nasal Cavity

The biomechanics of the human tongue

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