Visualization of frequency-modulated electric field based on photonic frequency tracking in asynchronous electro-optic measurement system

Hisatake, Shintaro; Yamaguchi, Katsuhito; Uchida, Hirohisa; Tojyo, Makoto; Oikawa, Yoichi; Miyaji, Kunio; Nagatsuma, Tadao

doi:10.7567/apex.11.046601

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the sensitivity is slightly lower than that of single-point electric field imaging, the spatial resolution and imaging speed are extremely fast, enabling imaging that follows time-varying signals. In particular, by feeding back the electric field frequency of the device-under-test to the LO system, it is expected to be possible to image the electric field in various communication conditions, such as frequency modulation [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Band Electro-Optical Imaging System Using Polarization CMOS Image Sensor and Amplified Optical Local Oscillator Source

Okada,

Mizuno,

Nagaoka

et al. 2024

Sensors

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In this study, we developed and demonstrated a millimeter-wave electric field imaging system using an electro-optic crystal and a highly sensitive polarization measurement technique using a polarization image sensor, which was fabricated using a 0.35-µm standard CMOS process. The polarization image sensor was equipped with differential amplifiers that amplified the difference between the 0° and 90° pixels. With the amplifier, the signal-to-noise ratio at low incident light levels was improved. Also, an optical modulator and a semiconductor optical amplifier were used to generate an optical local oscillator (LO) signal with a high modulation accuracy and sufficient optical intensity. By combining the amplified LO signal and a highly sensitive polarization imaging system, we successfully performed millimeter-wave electric field imaging with a spatial resolution of 30×60 µm at a rate of 1 FPS, corresponding to 2400 pixels/s.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Band Electro-Optical Imaging System Using Polarization CMOS Image Sensor and Amplified Optical Local Oscillator Source

Okada,

Mizuno,

Nagaoka

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…43 However, the method remains limited to sub-GHz BW around the central frequency. 66 In summary, bulk EO sensors are particularly attractive for E-field measurements in harsh environments, as well as in the near vicinity of antennas. Their operability at several THz and their resistance to high fields up to MV/m are two strong characteristics of this type of probe.…”

Section: Bulk Electro-optic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimally invasive optical sensors for microwave-electric-field exposure measurements

Behague

Calero

Coste

et al. 2021

J. Optical Microsystems

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The measurement of microwave electric-field (E-field) exposure is an ever-evolving subject that has recently led the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection to change its recommendations. With frequencies increasing toward terahertz (THz), stimulated by 5G deployment, the measurement specifications reveal ever more demanding challenges in terms of bandwidth (BW) and miniaturization. We propose a focus on minimally invasive E-field sensors, which are crucial for the in situ and near-field characterization of E-fields both in harsh environments such as plasmas and in the vicinity of emitters. We browse the large varieties of measurement devices, among which the electro-optic (EO) probes stand out for their potential of high BW up to THz, minimal invasiveness, and ability of vector measurements. We describe and compare the three main categories of EO sensors, from bulk systems to nanoprobes. First, we show how bulk-sensors have evolved toward attractive fibered systems that are advantageously employed in plasmas, resonance magnetic imagings chambers or for radiation-pattern imaging up to THz frequencies. Then we describe how the integration of waveguides helps to gain robustness, lateral resolution, and sensitivity. The third part is dedicated to the ultra-miniaturization of components allowing ultimate steps toward electromagnetic invisibility. This review aims at pointing out the recent evolutions over the past 10 years, with a highlight on the specificities of each photonic architecture. It also shows the way to future multi-physics and multi-arrays smart sensing platforms. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…Electric field measurement using electrooptic (EO) sensor is a promising technique to investigate and characterize the beam quality or radiation pattern of the antenna because of a minimum disturbance to the field to be measured. Recently, we proposed a nonpolarimetric EO frequency down conversion technique [1], self-heterodyne technique [2], noise cancelling technique [3], and photonic frequency tracking technique [4] and demonstrated the near-field visualization at microwave [5], millimeter-wave [6] and THz wave [7,8,9] region. In this paper, we show the two applications of the EO sensing at THz band; near-field measurement and farfield characterization of a Cassegrain antenna at 300 GHz and visualization of a wave packet propagation in a free space at 120 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrooptic sensing for antenna characterization and propagation investigation at THz band

Hisatake

2021

2020 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP)

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Visualization of frequency-modulated electric field based on photonic frequency tracking in asynchronous electro-optic measurement system

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Millimeter-Wave Band Electro-Optical Imaging System Using Polarization CMOS Image Sensor and Amplified Optical Local Oscillator Source

Millimeter-Wave Band Electro-Optical Imaging System Using Polarization CMOS Image Sensor and Amplified Optical Local Oscillator Source

Minimally invasive optical sensors for microwave-electric-field exposure measurements

Electrooptic sensing for antenna characterization and propagation investigation at THz band

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