Visualization of Light Propagation with Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Using the Ouzo Effect

Eppig, Timo; Rubly, Kathrin; Rawer, Antonia; Langenbucher, Achim

doi:10.1155/2019/6425040

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…4c ) consisting of a 532 nm laser beam, air slit with an absorptive black coating (Acktar, 75 μm × 3 mm), and the standard fluorescent microscope was used. The lenses were placed in a cuvette with a visualization solution containing 10.7% ouzo (3 ml mixed in 25 ml PBS) 136 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Gap Junction Delta-2 (GJD2) gene orthologs leads to refractive error in zebrafish

et al. 2021

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Myopia is the most common developmental disorder of juvenile eyes, and it has become an increasing cause of severe visual impairment. The GJD2 locus has been consistently associated with myopia in multiple independent genome-wide association studies. However, despite the strong genetic evidence, little is known about the functional role of GJD2 in refractive error development. Here, we find that depletion of gjd2a (Cx35.5) or gjd2b (Cx35.1) orthologs in zebrafish, cause changes in the biometry and refractive status of the eye. Our immunohistological and scRNA sequencing studies show that Cx35.5 (gjd2a) is a retinal connexin and its depletion leads to hyperopia and electrophysiological changes in the retina. These findings support a role for Cx35.5 (gjd2a) in the regulation of ocular biometry. Cx35.1 (gjd2b) has previously been identified in the retina, however, we found an additional lenticular role. Lack of Cx35.1 (gjd2b) led to a nuclear cataract that triggered axial elongation. Our results provide functional evidence of a link between gjd2 and refractive error.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Gap Junction Delta-2 (GJD2) gene orthologs leads to refractive error in zebrafish

et al. 2021

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“…The resulting image is composed of fluorescence and scattered excitation light. Instead of using fluorescein, one can use other media to create light scattering to visualize the light pathways: Eppig et al [ 29 ] used the alcoholic beverage Ouzo. The image quality suffered from oil droplets in the Ouzo solution, which hampered the quantitative evaluation of the images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Ray Propagation through Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lenses

et al. 2022

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Extended depth-of-focus (EDoF) presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (IOL) models differ in their optical design and performance. In the laboratory, we compared the ray propagation and light intensity profiles of four IOLs: the non-diffractive AcrySof IQ Vivity (Alcon Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) and two diffractive models, Symfony ZXR00 (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Jacksonville, FL, USA) and AT Lara 829 MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Berlin, Germany). A fourth lens, the monofocal AcrySof IQ SN60WF (Alcon Inc.) acted as the control. We projected a 520 nm laser light through each submerged lens in a bath of fluorescein solution. A camera mounted on a microscope captured the light that emerged from the IOL. We recorded the IOLs’ point spread function (PSF) to determine the presence of unwanted visual effects. The ray propagation visualization and light intensity profile of the monofocal control showed one distinct focus, while the AcrySof IQ Vivity demonstrated an extended focus area. We observed two distinct foci with each diffractive IOL. We found a lower level of light spread beyond the PSF center for the AcrySof IQ Vivity compared to the diffractive IOLs. In conclusion, we could confirm the extended range of focus for all the EDoF IOL models. However, the non-diffractive AcrySof IQ Vivity appears to have a smoother transition from a far to an intermediate range. We discuss whether, in clinical use, the higher level of spurious light we found in the diffractive designs may translate into increased dysphotopsia.

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“…In this study, we implemented the imaging technique [20] to assess the ray propagation and forward light scatter of opacified IOLs and a clear IOL, and we found a good agreement between the qualitative (imaging technique) and quantitative (straylight) measurements. Previously, a similar experimental setup was utilized to understand the fundamental properties of IOLs [25][26][27]. Terwee et al demonstrated the functional differences between diffractive and refractive multifocal IOLs by using monochromatic green light and United States Air Force target projections [25], while Eppig et al used a different medium, namely ouzo, to demonstrate the halo effects of monofocal and multifocal lenses [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, a similar experimental setup was utilized to understand the fundamental properties of IOLs [25][26][27]. Terwee et al demonstrated the functional differences between diffractive and refractive multifocal IOLs by using monochromatic green light and United States Air Force target projections [25], while Eppig et al used a different medium, namely ouzo, to demonstrate the halo effects of monofocal and multifocal lenses [27]. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use the experimental set-up to visualize the veil of light produced by opacified IOLs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Forward Light Scatter in Opacified Intraocular Lenses and Straylight Assessment

et al. 2021

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Background: Qualitative visualization of forward light scatter and quantitative straylight measurement of intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods: We analyzed two calcified IOL-explants, the Euromaxx ALI313Y (Argonoptics GmbH) and the LS-312 MF30 (Oculentis BV), one IOL with artificially induced glistenings (PC-60AD, Hoya), and one control (CT Asphina 409MP, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) free of any opacification. Analysis included light microscopy, qualitative light scatter visualization using ray propagation imaging technique, and quantitative straylight measurement using C-Quant (Oculus). Results: More light scattering effect—visible as increased light intensity outside the IOL’s main focus—was evident in all opacified IOLs than the control. The highest straylight levels were observed in the Euromaxx (289.71 deg2/sr), which showed extensive granular deposits throughout its optic, followed by the MF30 (78.58 deg2/sr), which only showed opacification in its center. The glistenings-IOL demonstrated numerous microvacuoles within the optic and had straylight levels of 22.6 deg2/sr, while the control showed the lowest straylight levels (1.7 deg2/sr). Conclusions: Ray propagation imaging technique allowed qualitative assessment of off-axis veils of light that result from increased forward light scattering. Straylight was increased in all opacified lenses compared to the clear control lens. The IOL opacifications are significant sources of glare.

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Visualization of Light Propagation with Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Using the Ouzo Effect

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Loss of Gap Junction Delta-2 (GJD2) gene orthologs leads to refractive error in zebrafish

Loss of Gap Junction Delta-2 (GJD2) gene orthologs leads to refractive error in zebrafish

Visualization of Ray Propagation through Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lenses

Visualization of Forward Light Scatter in Opacified Intraocular Lenses and Straylight Assessment

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