Visualization of Slag Data for Efficient Monitoring and Improvement of Steelmaking Slag Operation in Electric Arc Furnaces, with a Focus on MgO Saturation

Abstract

Frequent slag sampling and analysis is still the most common method used to investigate and improve slag operation in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) for low-alloyed carbon steelmaking. An MgO saturation diagram for EAF slags was derived from phase equilibrium calculations in the system CaO–MgO–FeO–SiO2–5%Al2O3 to provide monitoring and interpretation of the slag data with respect to control of MgO saturation, FeO reduction, dissolution from the MgO-based refractory lining, and unusual losses of repair mixes. Examples from 14 industrial EAFs are given.

Driving investments in ore beneficiation and scrap upgrading to meet an increased demand from the direct reduction-EAF route

“…Over the years, a number of research work have been done to describe the relation between slag composition and MgO content at saturation like Suito et al (1981) and Selin (1987Selin ( , 1991. Examples of recent work are Kirschen (2021) and finally Song et al (2020) studying refractory wear. Economic assessments of DRI quality and DRI use have been made by Gyllenram et al (2015a) and Gyllenram et al (2015b).…”

Ordinary-Portland-cement solidification of Cs-137 contaminated electric arc furnace dust from steel production industry in Thailand

“…Steel could be the backbone of the development of modern industrial economy because the production of important facilities (e.g., automobile, ship, machinery, and tools) needs steel. This powerful material can be produced via three different routes, the open-hearth furnace (OHF) route (≈0.4 %), basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route (≈75 %), and electric arc furnace (EAF) route (≈25 %) [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. The OHF process is in clear decline and is being replaced by the BOF and EAF processes [ 1 ] because of its environmental and economic disadvantages [ 3 , 4 ].…”

“…This powerful material can be produced via three different routes, the open-hearth furnace (OHF) route (≈0.4 %), basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route (≈75 %), and electric arc furnace (EAF) route (≈25 %) [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. The OHF process is in clear decline and is being replaced by the BOF and EAF processes [ 1 ] because of its environmental and economic disadvantages [ 3 , 4 ]. At present, the use of the EAF process appears to be more popular than the BOF process [ 1 ].…”

Application of Liquidus Projections in SiO2–Al2O3–CaO Systems with Fe2O3 and V2O5 to Study the Dissolution of Alumina Crucibles in Gasification Slags Containing Vanadium

“…Several review articles have discussed using ternary phase diagrams to explain slag-refractory interactions in fields other than gasification. − Plešingerová et al used liquidus projection in their study in which adding MgCO 3 to biomass fuel caused a reduction in corrosion of corundum refractory by the biomass ash. Due to the increase in MgO in the biomass ash, the composition of the biomass ash shifted from the region of dicalcium silicate to the region of periclase in the liquidus projection.…”