Visualization of the Sustainability Level of Crude Palm Oil Production: A Life Cycle Approach

Abstract

The Malaysian palm oil is an important source of social development and economic growth in the country. Nevertheless, it has been accused of conducting unsustainable practices that may affect the sustainability of this industry. Thus, this study aims to identify the level of sustainability of crude palm oil (CPO) production. Environmental impacts were assessed using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standardized life cycle assessment (LCA). Economic impacts were evaluated using life cycle costing (LCC). Social impact assessment was identified based on the UNEP/SETAC Guidelines for social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) was used to combine three methods: LCA, life cycle costing (LCC) and S-LCA using the scoring system method. Finally, a presentation technique was developed to visualize the LCSA results. The results show that crude palm oil production requires more improvement to be a sustainable product. The study feasibly enables the decision-makers to understand the significant environmental, economic, and social hotspots during the crude palm oil production process in order to promote palm oil production.

Life cycle cost analysis of agri-food products: A systematic review

“…In the study from Falcone et al (2016) the conventional production scenario for vineyards was considered as the least costly and most environmentally sustainable. The production scenario with the lowest life cycle costs is not necessarily the most profitable, since there is Omran et al (2021) No specific name Line chart; bar chart often a higher selling price for organic products. The comparison of bioenergy from sources with fossil fuel is also regularly made within the LCC studies.…”

Visualization and Interpretation of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment—Existing Tools and Future Development

“…Another visualization approach using the shape of a triangle has been develo dependently in two different papers-both use the same concept of visualization Omran et al [23] follow the LCSA results and use the three sustainability dimens the three corners of the triangle (see Figure 4), Penn and Fields [24] invoke the trip tom line created by John Elkington which include the factors people, profit, and These are easily transferable to the three sustainability dimensions. Instead of profi and Fields [24] use the alternative term price which does not make a difference evaluation.…”

“…The three-sided triangle is intended to illustrate the relative balance betwe tainability dimensions and thus to identify the trend of the sustainability pe over time by regularly repeating this graphical assessment [23,24]. It is an eff proach to compare the broad picture of different alternatives and to id The three-sided triangle is intended to illustrate the relative balance between the sustainability dimensions and thus to identify the trend of the sustainability performance over time by regularly repeating this graphical assessment [23,24]. It is an effective approach to compare the broad picture of different alternatives and to identify the imbalances within the sustainability dimensions.…”

“…For a more in-depth evaluation of LCSA or sustainability in general, studies and approaches from other sources need to be used and adopted [24]. Omran et al use the triangular illustration for examining the sustainability of crude palm oil production in their study [23].…”

Organizational Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (OLCSA) for a Higher Education Institution as an Organization: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis

“…Commonly, life cycle sustainability assessment is conducted to analyze the sustainability indicators of a particular product or process [2]. However, there are no studies found specifically about the sustainability of organizations.…”