Visualizing and quantifying natural selection

Brodie, Edmund D.; Moore, Allen J.; Janzen, Fredric J.

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(00)89117-x

Cited by 605 publications

(692 citation statements)

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“…Toads with the least responsive acute adrenocortical stress phenotype exhibited reduced rates of water loss and longer survival than those with more responsive phenotypes induced by manipulations with ACTH and to a lesser extent, DEX. Thus, we suggest that the toad acute adrenocortical stress response was under either directional or stabilizing selection [37,38]. However, we argue that the most logical explanation for the type of selection acting on the existing toad acute stress phenotype is stabilizing selection [32,37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Thus, we suggest that the toad acute adrenocortical stress response was under either directional or stabilizing selection [37,38]. However, we argue that the most logical explanation for the type of selection acting on the existing toad acute stress phenotype is stabilizing selection [32,37,38]. This is because range front cane toads are exposed to two daily and potentially competing lethal stressors: desiccation and heat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Adrenocortical stress responses influence an invasive vertebrate's fitness in an extreme environment

et al. 2013

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Continued range expansion into physiologically challenging environments requires invasive species to maintain adaptive phenotypic performance. The adrenocortical stress response, governed in part by glucocorticoid hormones, influences physiological and behavioural responses of vertebrates to environmental stressors. However, any adaptive role of this response in invasive populations that are expanding into extreme environments is currently unclear. We experimentally manipulated the adrenocortical stress response of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) to investigate its effect on phenotypic performance and fitness at the species' range front in the Tanami Desert, Australia. Here, toads are vulnerable to overheating and dehydration during the annual hot -dry season and display elevated plasma corticosterone levels indicative of severe environmental stress. By comparing unmanipulated control toads with toads whose adrenocortical stress response was manipulated to increase acute physiological stress responsiveness, we found that control toads had significantly reduced daily evaporative water loss and higher survival relative to the experimental animals. The adrenocortical stress response hence appears essential in facilitating complex phenotypic performance and setting fitness trajectories of individuals from invasive species during range expansion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adrenocortical stress responses influence an invasive vertebrate's fitness in an extreme environment

et al. 2013

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“…Such strong linear sexual selection indicates that male CHCs could evolve in a directional manner. However, depictions of the form of selection are simply descriptive, and an experimental manipulation is required to demonstrate how selection operates on the traits under consideration (Brodie et al 1995). Sexual selection has been manipulated in populations of hybrids between D. serrata and D. birchii, demonstrating that male CHCs rapidly respond to the presence of sexual selection in a directional manner (Blows 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fitness function was first estimated using a cubic spline, which indicated that the shape of the function was quadratic. We therefore proceeded to estimate the fitness function using quadratic regression (Brodie et al 1995), and calculated the unstandardized directional (␤ = Ϫ0.417) and stabilizing (␥ = -34.797) selection gradients in separate regressions (figure 2). Significance of ␤ ( p = 0.228) and ␥ ( p = 0.015) was determined by the randomized reassignment of fitnesses where ␤ and ␥ were estimated 1000 times in separate regressions.…”

Section: (A) Female Choice Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive genetic correlation between female preference and offspring fitness

Hine

Lachish

Higgie

et al. 2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

149

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In many species, females display preferences for extreme male signal traits, but it has not been determined if such preferences evolve as a consequence of females gaining genetic benefits from exercising choice. If females prefer extreme male traits because they indicate male genetic quality that will enhance the fitness of offspring, a genetic correlation will evolve between female preference genes and genes that confer offspring fitness. We show that females of Drosophila serrata prefer extreme male cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) blends, and that this preference affects offspring fitness. Female preference is positively genetically correlated with offspring fitness, indicating that females have gained genetic benefits from their choice of males. Despite male CHCs experiencing strong sexual selection, the genes underlying attractive CHCs also conferred lower offspring fitness, suggesting a balance between sexual selection and natural selection may have been reached in this population.

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“…Inbreeding depression for fitness can cause a second kind of difficulty if deleterious alleles have pleiotropic effects on the character under selection (e.g., Mackay et al 1992;Santiago et al 1992;Caballero and Keightley 1994). This is conceptually similar to selection on an unmeasured but genetically correlated character (Lande and Arnold 1983;Mitchell-Olds and Shaw 1987;Brodie et al 1995). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Response to Selection in Partially Self-Fertilizing Populations. I. Selection on a Single Trait

Kelly

1999

Evolution

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Abstract.-Self-fertilization is a common form of reproduction in plants and it has important implications for quantitative trait evolution. Here, I present a model of selection on quantitative traits that can accommodate any level of self-fertilization. The "structured linear model" (SLM) predicts the evolution of the mean phenotype as a function of three distinct quantities: the mean additive genetic value, the directional dominance, and the mean inbreeding coefficient. Stochastic simulations of truncation selection demonstrate the accuracy of the SLM in predicting changes in the mean and variance of a quantitative trait over the full range of selfing rates. They also illustrate how complex interactions between selection and mating system determine the population distribution of inbreeding coefficients and also the amount of linkage disequilibrium. Changes in the genetic variance due to linkage disequilibria, which are commonly referred to as the "Bulmer effect," are greatly magnified by selfing. This complicates the relationship between selfing rate and response to selection. Like the random mating theory, the parameters of the SLM can be estimated from phenotypic data.Key words.-Quantitative genetics, selection response, self-fertilization.Received May 4, 1998. Accepted October 20, 1998 The number of studies applying quantitative genetic models to data from natural populations has increased dramatically over the last 15 years. These studies have focused on two broad objectives: (1) to measure therelationship between phenotypic variation and components of fitness such as survival and/or reproductive success; and (2) to determine the "evolutionary potential" of natural populations to respond to selection. Quantitative genetic theory suggests appropriate measures of both phenotypic selection and quantitative trait inheritance. It also indicates how these two sources of information can be combined to yield quantitative predictions for evolutionary change (Pearson 1903;Lande and Arnold 1983;Falconer 1989;Kirkpatrick and Heckman 1989;Houle 1992;Lynch and Walsh 1997).Quantitative genetic predictions depend to an important extent on the assumed mating system of a population. Most applications of the theory to natural populations have used models that assume random mating. Many species do not mate randomly in nature, however (Lande and Schemske 1985). In fact, a majority of plant studies have focused on self-fertilizing species (either partially or completely). Quantitative interpretation of results from such studies is hindered by the lack of an appropriate quantitative framework.Inbreeding changes the joint distribution of genotypic and phenotypic variation in a population and thus has important implications both for measuring phenotypic selection and the evolutionary potential of populations (Pederson 1969a; Wright and Cockerham 1985;Mitchell-Olds and Rutledge 1986;Willis 1996). In random mating models, the selection differential (8) characterizes directional selection on a single trait. The selection differentia...

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Visualizing and quantifying natural selection

Cited by 605 publications

References 28 publications

Adrenocortical stress responses influence an invasive vertebrate's fitness in an extreme environment

Adrenocortical stress responses influence an invasive vertebrate's fitness in an extreme environment

Positive genetic correlation between female preference and offspring fitness

Response to Selection in Partially Self-Fertilizing Populations. I. Selection on a Single Trait

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