Visualizing central effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), a natural molecule with antidepressant properties, by pharmaco-EEG mapping

Saletu-Zyhlarz, Gerda; Anderer, P.; Linzmayer, L; Semlitsch, Heribert V.; Assandri, Alessandro; Prause, Wolfgang; Abu-Bakr, Manal Hassan; Lindeck‐Pozza, Elisabeth; Saletu, B.

doi:10.1017/s1461145702002924

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similar findings, although with an increase in beta power, were described by us after venlafaxine, a neuronal uptake inhibitor of serotonin, nordrenaline and dopamine (in order of decreasing potency) 58 and recently after S-adenosyl-L-methionine (ademetionine), an organic molecule with antidepressant properties. 59 Itil et al 11 described an increase in slow waves over frontal and temporal regions after 50 mg amitriptyline, while over occipital and parietal ones they observed a marked alpha decrease and an increase in concomitant beta activity, specifically over central areas. Herrmann and Schärer 60 also described an increase in delta activity after 75 mg amitriptyline, reflecting a decrease in vigilance.…”

Section: Classification Of Psychotropic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Investigating central effects of ademetionine in young and elderly normal subjects, in the young group we found pharmaco-EEG maps reminiscent of antidepressants of the thymoleptic type after both acute and sub-acute administration. 59 In elderly subjects maps of the thymoleptic type were observed after acute doses too, while after one week of daily infusion a marked increase in total power suggested nootropic drug effects. 96 After anxiolytics and nootropics, we found similar acute and chronic profiles, while after neuroleptics different changes were observed.…”

Section: Acute Versus Chronic Effect Changes In Normal Subjects and Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EEG Topography and Tomography (LORETA) in the Classification and Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamics of Psychotropic Drugs

2006

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By multi-lead computer-assisted quantitative analyses of human scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (QEEG) in combination with certain statistical procedures (quantitative pharmaco-EEG) and mapping techniques (pharmaco-EEG mapping or topography), it is possible to classify psychotropic substances and objectively evaluate their bioavailability at the target organ, the human brain. Specifically, one may determine at an early stage of drug development whether a drug is effective on the central nervous system (CNS) compared with placebo, what its clinical efficacy will be like, at which dosage it acts, when it acts and the equipotent dosages of different galenic formulations. Pharmaco-EEG maps of neuroleptics, antidepressants, tranquilizers, hypnotics, psychostimulants and nootropics/cognition-enhancing drugs will be described. Methodological problems, as well as the relationships between acute and chronic drug effects, alterations in normal subjects and patients, CNS effects and therapeutic efficacy will be discussed. Imaging of drug effects on the regional brain electrical activity of healthy subjects by means of EEG tomography such as low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) has been used for identifying brain areas predominantly involved in psychopharmacological action. This will be shown for the representative drugs of the four main psychopharmacological classes, such as 3 mg haloperidol for neuroleptics, 20 mg citalopram for antidepressants, 2 mg lorazepam for tranquilizers and 20 mg methylphenidate for psychostimulants. LORETA demonstrates that these psychopharmacological classes affect brain structures differently. By considering these differences between psychotropic drugs and placebo in normal subjects, as well as between mental disorder patients and normal controls, it may be possible to choose the optimum drug for a specific patient according to a key-lock principle, since the drug should normalize the deviant brain function. Thus, pharmaco-EEG topography and tomography are valuable methods in human neuropsychopharmacology, clinical psychiatry and neurology.

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Section: Classification Of Psychotropic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Acute Versus Chronic Effect Changes In Normal Subjects and Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Topography and Tomography (LORETA) in the Classification and Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamics of Psychotropic Drugs

2006

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EEG?mapping differences between narcolepsy patients and controls and subsequent double?blind, placebo?controlled studies with modafinil

Saletu

Anderer

Saletu-Zyhlarz

et al. 2004

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of EEG mapping as an objective and quantitative measure of vigilance in untreated and modafinil-treated narcoleptics, and compare it with the conventional neurophysiological method of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and the subjective Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). In 16 drug-free narcoleptics and 16 normal controls a baseline 3-min vigilance-controlled EEG (V-EEG) and a 4-min resting EEG (R-EEG) were recorded during midmorning hours. Thereafter, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, patients were treated with a 3-week fixed titration of modafinil (200, 300, 400 mg) and placebo. EEG-mapping, MSLT and ESS measures were obtained before and at the end of the third week of therapy. Statistical overall analysis by means of the omnibus significance test demonstrated significant EEG differences between untreated patients and controls in the resting condition only (R-EEG). Subsequent univariate analysis revealed an increase in absolute and relative theta power, a decrease in alpha-2 and beta power as well as a slowing of the dominant frequency and the centroids of the alpha, beta and total power spectrum and thus objectified a vigilance decrement in narcolepsy. Modafinil 400 mg/d significantly improved vigilance as compared with placebo (p < or = 0.01), inducing changes opposite to the aforementioned baseline differences (key-lock principle). The MSLT and the ESS also improved under modafinil as compared with placebo, but changes were less consistent. Spearman rank correlations revealed the highest correlations between EEG mapping and the ESS, followed by those between EEG mapping and the MSLT, while the lowest correlation was found between the MSLT and the ESS. In conclusion, EEG mapping is a valuable instrument for measuring vigilance decrements in narcolepsy and their improvement under psychostimulant treatment.

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Double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacodynamic studies with a nutraceutical and a pharmaceutical dose of ademetionine (SAMe) in elderly subjects, utilizing EEG mapping and psychometry

Arnold

Saletu

Anderer

et al. 2005

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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Visualizing central effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), a natural molecule with antidepressant properties, by pharmaco-EEG mapping

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

EEG Topography and Tomography (LORETA) in the Classification and Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamics of Psychotropic Drugs

EEG Topography and Tomography (LORETA) in the Classification and Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamics of Psychotropic Drugs

EEG?mapping differences between narcolepsy patients and controls and subsequent double?blind, placebo?controlled studies with modafinil

Double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacodynamic studies with a nutraceutical and a pharmaceutical dose of ademetionine (SAMe) in elderly subjects, utilizing EEG mapping and psychometry

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