Visualizing changes in mitochondrial Mg²⁺during apoptosis with organelle-targeted triazole-based ratiometric fluorescent sensors

Abstract

Targeted ratiometric fluorescent sensors enable visualization of Mg2+ dynamics in mitochondria, revealing an increase in free Mg2+ in early stages of apoptosis.

Tuning Mg(II) Selectivity: Comparative Analysis of the Photophysical Properties of Four Fluorescent Probes with an Alkynyl‐Naphthalene Fluorophore

“…However, changing the position of the donor groups does have as ignificant effect on the excitation and emission spectral response. [17][18][19][20][21] In accordance with literature precedent, ligands L 1 and L 2 also displayed ah ighera ffinity for Ca 2 + ,r esponding in the mid-mm range. [17][18][19][20][21] In accordance with literature precedent, ligands L 1 and L 2 also displayed ah ighera ffinity for Ca 2 + ,r esponding in the mid-mm range.…”

“…[21] TD-DFT has been used to model the effect of Mg 2 + binding on the excited state of Mag-Fura-2, revealing that the ICT state is perturbedf ollowing Mg 2 + binding, with elimination of ac harge transfer process involving the aniline nitrogen lone pair.T he excited state insteadp ossesses localised p-p*c haracter in its metal-bound form, resultingi na drastic change in the spectrum on binding. [17][18][19][20][21] Comparable values were calculated from fluorescence emission spectralc hanges, with excitation at both the isosbestic point and the wavelength maximum in the absorption spectrum (SupportingI nformation). [17][18][19][20][21] Comparable values were calculated from fluorescence emission spectralc hanges, with excitation at both the isosbestic point and the wavelength maximum in the absorption spectrum (SupportingI nformation).…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] Selectivity is an issue, however,a st he APTRAc helates display am uch higher affinity towardsC a 2 + than Mg 2 + ,i ne very reportedc ase (mm vs. mm affinity). [16][17][18][19][20][21] Selectivity is an issue, however,a st he APTRAc helates display am uch higher affinity towardsC a 2 + than Mg 2 + ,i ne very reportedc ase (mm vs. mm affinity).…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] Selectivity is an issue, however,a st he APTRAc helates display am uch higher affinity towardsC a 2 + than Mg 2 + ,i ne very reportedc ase (mm vs. mm affinity). [18][19][20] Bidentate b-keto acids, for example, have been examined as alternative probes, and exhibit ah igheri ntrinsics electivity towardsM g 2 + over Ca 2 + . The APTRAc helators were first reported over thirty years ago, yet there is still ad istinctl ack of variety in ligandd esign forM g 2 + sensors.T he novelty typicallya rises from modificationst ot he chromophore.…”

4-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylaniline

“…Also, because of their unique photophysical properties, solid-state emitters based on benzothiazole have been attracting considerable interest over the past few years in the field of optoelectronic devices (Padalkar et al, 2016). A series of benzothiazole derivatives have also been used recently recently both as fluorescent probes for anions and as bioactive molecules in living cells (Li et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Qian et al, 2016). In order to better understand the structure-property relationships of benzothiazole derivatives, we have synthesized the title compound and its structure is reported here.…”