Visualizing Roles of Variables in Program Animation

Sajaniemi, Jorma; Kuittinen, Marja

doi:10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500075

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3, yet easily readable on the screen. Second, the two-dimensional space based on cells, cell references, and cell values as basic data handling elements do not require the use of variables [26]. In HUSKY, users use cells as containers for values and definitions, and reference them with the cell indices as in any other spreadsheet-based language [27].…”

Section: Tabular Husky Workpacementioning

confidence: 99%

Programming Languages for End-User Personalization of Cyber-Physical Systems

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Original scientific paperThe increased usage of smart devices and appliances opens new venues to build applications that integrate physical and virtual world into consumer-oriented context-sensitive cyber-physical systems (CPS). Since physical processes are dynamic, concurrent, event-driven, and powered by various sensors, controllers, and actuators, a combination of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and event-driven architecture (EDA) is the most promising software architecture for virtualization of heterogeneous components into interoperable application building blocks. In this paper, we propose a CPS design paradigm where devices, such as sensors, controllers, and actuators, are virtualized into environmental services. To support event-driven workflow coordination, we designed special-purpose coopetition services that provide fundamental EDA characteristics, such as decoupled interactions, many-to-many communication, publish/subscribe messaging, event triggering, and asynchronous operations. Based on these two groups of services, we present a design of event-driven service composition languages that target two distinct groups of developers. Using Python as an example, we present a transformation of arbitrary general-purpose programming language into an event-driven service composition language for developers familiar with parallel programming using operating system kernel mechanisms. On the other hand, we present the design and cognitive evaluation of an end-user language, whose 2D tabular workspace resembles the process of sketching an automation application on a sheet of paper.Key words: Cyber-physical systems, Service-oriented event-driven programming, Multi-device applications, Tabular programmingKrajnjem korisniku prilagodeni programski jezici za poosobljavanje računalom upravljanih okolina. Povećanom uporabom suvremenih elektroničkih uredaja otvaraju se nove mogućnosti za izgradnju primjenskih programa koji objedinjuju fizički prostor i informacijske sustave u korisniku usmjerene računalom upravljane okoline. Suvremeni prostori opremljeni su različitim vrstama osjetila, upravljača i pokretačkih uredaja koji vremenski uskladeno upravljaju dinamičkim i dogadajima poticanim paralelnim procesima. Spregom uslužno usmjerene i dogadajima poticane arhitekture omogućen je pristup raznorodnim fizičkim uredajima u obliku medusobno sukladnih gradivnih komponenti primjenskih programa. U radu je predložena paradigma izgradnje računalom upravljanih okolina u kojoj se uredajima iz okoline pristupa putem programskih usluga. Za potrebe oblikovanja dogadajima poticanih tijekova izvodenja programa, oblikovan je poseban skup usluga suradnje i natjecanja. Te usluge ostvaruju osnovne značajke arhitekture zasnovane na dogadajima, kao što su neizravno medudjelovanje, komunikacija u grupi, objavi/pretplati komunikacija, pokretanje dogadaja i asinkrone operacije. Na osnovi tih dviju skupina usluga, oblikovana su dva jezika za dogadajima poticanu kompoziciju usluga. Na primjeru jezika Python, prikazano je preoblikovanje jezika o...

show abstract

Section: Tabular Husky Workpacementioning

confidence: 99%

Programming Languages for End-User Personalization of Cyber-Physical Systems

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The state is manifested in the member variables, and the behavior is a result of method invocations that include the creation and destruction of local variables. The behavior of individual member and local variables can be described by roles [18,19] that already have metaphors, e.g., a dog for the role follower, a box for gatherer etc [20]. For an object, we therefore select the metaphor of a watch panel with class-dependent fixed "monitors" for its member variables depicted in the form of role metaphors (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Visualization Of Oo Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In objectoriented (OO) context, animation has also been based on UML diagrams that reveal connections between objects and classes and thus represent another level, i.e., relationships between components of an individual program. We know of only one program animation system, PlanAni [20], that builds its visualization on general programming knowledge (roles of variables) and uses metaphors to make this knowledge easier to assimilate by learners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Animation Metaphors for Object-Oriented Concepts

Sajaniemi

Byckling

Gerdt

2007

Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Program visualization and animation has traditionally been done at the level of the programming language and its implementation in a computer. However, novices do not know these concepts and visualizations that build upon programming language implementation may easily fail in helping novices to learn programming concepts. Metaphor, on the contrary, involves the presentation of a new idea in terms of a more familiar one and can facilitate active learning. This paper applies a metaphor approach to object-oriented programming by presenting new metaphors for such concepts as class, object, object instantiation, method invocation, parameter passing, object reference, and garbage collection. The use of these metaphors in introductory programming education is also discussed.

show abstract

“…Juha Sorva looks at variable-oriented programming paradigm (Sajaniemi & Niemeläinen, 1989) and combines it with the notion of roles of variables (Sajaniemi, 2002). This results in a data-flow description of programs that explicitly classifies variables using a fixed set of categories found in expert programmers' tacit knowledge (Sajaniemi & Navarro Prieto, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychology of Programming: Looking into Programmers’ Heads

Sajaniemi¹

2008

Human Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Psychology of programming (PoP) is an interdisciplinary area that covers research into computer programmers' cognition; tools and methods for programming related activities; and programming education. The origins of PoP date back to late 1970s and early 1980s, when researchers realized that programming tools and technologies should not be evaluated based on their computational power only, but also on their usability from the human point of view, that is, based on their cognitive effects. The hope of such a new approach was that programmers would make fewer errors, produce better software, and work more efficiently. In the first Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers, Ben Shneiderman listed "several important destinations for researchers: refining the use of current languages, improving present and future languages, developing special purpose languages, and improving tools and methods" (Shneiderman, 1986, p. 1). During the past two decades, the flow of new languages, tools, and methods has increased rapidly, the scope of programming work has expanded, and research interests have extended to cover group activities. Yet the main goal of PoP-to assist programmers through the benefits of cognitive research-has remained.The PoP research community consists of cognitive psychologists and computer scientists. The main motivation for computer scientists is the improvement of current tools and the development of new ones, as well as the discovery of general principles concerning humans in the context of programming tasks. Psychologists are interested in new theories of human cognition applicable in other domains too. For them programming-a highly complicated task-provides good opportunities to study high-level cognitive processes in a complex setting. This dual character of PoP manifests itself also in the skills required from researchers: a good knowledge of both cognitive psychology and programming or, better still, psychology, social sciences, and software engineering.On the other hand, PoP research results are not necessarily limited to the programming domain, but can be applied in other domains that involve design activities in a formal environment. As an example, consider cognitive dimensions (CDs), which were introduced by Green (1989) to describe, compare and control how programming language features affect program design strategies. The dimension role-expressiveness, for example, relates to how well a piece of program code (e.g., "+") reveals its meaning without a need to study the context

show abstract

Visualizing Roles of Variables in Program Animation

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Programming Languages for End-User Personalization of Cyber-Physical Systems

Programming Languages for End-User Personalization of Cyber-Physical Systems

Animation Metaphors for Object-Oriented Concepts

Psychology of Programming: Looking into Programmers’ Heads

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About