Visualizing shape transformation between chimpanzee and human braincases

Specht, Matthias; Lebrun, Renaud; Zollikofer, Christoph P. E.

doi:10.1007/s00371-007-0156-1

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Variation in orbital diameter and in the degrees of frontation and convergence accounted for substantial parts of radicular apex shape variation (23. figure S2). We used MORPHOTOOLS [24,25] to perform the geometric -morphometric analysis and the multivariate regressions, and R [26] to predict orbital diameter, frontation and convergence.…”

Section: Methods and Results (A) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric–morphometric method

Chaimanee

Lebrun

Yamee³

et al. 2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Tarsius is an extant genus of primates endemic to the islands of Southeast Asia that is characterized by enormously enlarged orbits reflecting its nocturnal activity pattern. Tarsiers play a pivotal role in reconstructing primate phylogeny, because they appear to comprise, along with Anthropoidea, one of only two extant haplorhine clades. Their fossils are extremely rare. Here, we describe a new species of Tarsius from the Middle Miocene of Thailand. We reconstructed aspects of its orbital morphology using a geometricmorphometric method. The result shows that the new species of Tarsius had a very large orbit (falling within the range of variation of modern Tarsius) with a high degree of frontation and a low degree of convergence. Its relatively divergent lower premolar roots suggest a longer mesial tooth row and therefore a longer muzzle than in extant species. The new species documents a previous unknown Miocene group of Tarsius, indicating greater taxonomic diversity and morphological complexity during tarsier evolution. The current restriction of tarsiers to offshore islands in Southeast Asia appears to be a relatively recent phenomenon.

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Section: Methods and Results (A) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric–morphometric method

Chaimanee

Lebrun

Yamee³

et al. 2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Analysis and visualization of patterns of shape variation were performed with the interactive software package MORPHOTOOLS (Specht, 2007;Specht et al 2007;Lebrun, 2008). Secondly, to assess whether the labyrinthine shape is a good taxonomical marker, we used linear discriminant analysis to compute a function that best discriminates among the families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep evolutionary roots of strepsirrhine primate labyrinthine morphology

et al. 2010

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The cavity system of the inner ear of mammals is a complex three-dimensional structure that houses the organs of equilibrium and hearing. Morphological variation of the inner ear across mammals reflects differences in locomotor behaviour and hearing performance, and the good preservation of this structure in many fossil specimens permits analogous inferences. However, it is less well known to what extent the morphology of the bony labyrinth conveys information about the evolutionary history of primate taxa. We studied this question in strepsirrhine primates with the aim to assess the potential and limitations of using the inner ear as a phylogenetic marker. Geometric morphometric analysis showed that the labyrinthine morphology of extant strepsirrhines contains a mixed locomotor, allometric and phylogenetic signal. Discriminant analysis at the family level confirmed that labyrinthine shape is a good taxonomic marker. Our results support the hypothesis that evolutionary change in labyrinthine morphology is adequately described with a random walk model, i.e. random phenotypic dispersal in morphospace. Under this hypothesis, average shapes calculated for each node of the phylogenetic tree give an estimate of inner ear shapes of the respective last common ancestors (LCAs), and this information can be used to infer character state polarity. The labyrinthine morphology of the fossil Adapinae is close to the inferred basal morphology of the strepsirrhines. The inner ear of Daubentonia, one of the most derived extant strepsirrhines, is autapomorphic in many respects, but also presents unique similarities with adapine labyrinths.

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“…All labyrinths were then projected on ASVc, the residuals representing the size-independent component of labyrinthine shape. Sizeindependent shape variation was analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) of shape using the interactive software package MORPHOTOOLS (Lebrun 2008;Specht 2007;Specht et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The labyrinthine morphology of Pronycticebus gaudryi (Primates, Adapiformes)

Lebrun

Guillaume

Couette

et al. 2012

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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The publication of a well preserved Eocene primate, Darwinius masillae (Cercamoniinae, Notharctidae), has revived the debate on the phylogenetic relationships of Adapiformes and extant primates (Franzen et al., PLos ONE 4(5):e5723, 2009). Recently, Lebrun et al. (J Anat 216:368-380, 2010) showed that the morphology of the bony labyrinth of strepsirrhine primates conveys a strong phylogenetic signal. The study of labyrinthine morphology may thus bring a new piece of evidence to resolve phylogenetic relationships within a group. The investigation of the labyrinthine morphology of another Cercamoniinae, Pronycticebus gaudryi, reveals no synapomorphy with the labyrinths of modern anthropoids. On the contrary, Pronycticebus is closer in labyrinthine shape to extant strepsirrhines, which supports the hypothesis that the Cercamoniinae and other Adapiformes are the sister group of toothcombed primates. AbstractThe publication of a well preserved Eocene primate, Darwinius masillae (Cercamoniinae, Notharctidae), has revived the debate on the phylogenetic relationships of Adapiformes and extant primates (Franzen et al. 2009).Recently, Lebrun et al. (2010) showed that the morphology of the bony labyrinth of strepsirrhine primates conveys a strong phylogenetic signal. The study of labyrinthine morphology may thus bring a new piece of evidence to resolve phylogenetic relationships within a group. The investigation of the labyrinthine morphology of another Cercamoniinae, Pronycticebus gaudryi, reveals no synapomorphy with the labyrinths of modern anthropoids. On the contrary, Pronycticebus is closer in labyrinthine shape to extant strepsirrhines, which supports the hypothesis that the Cercamoniinae and other Adapiformes are the sister group of toothcombed primates.

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Visualizing shape transformation between chimpanzee and human braincases

Cited by 50 publications

References 25 publications

A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric–morphometric method

A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric–morphometric method

Deep evolutionary roots of strepsirrhine primate labyrinthine morphology

The labyrinthine morphology of Pronycticebus gaudryi (Primates, Adapiformes)

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