Visualizing Smoking Hazard: A Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Smoke and Filters

Surleva, Andriana; Drochioiu, Gabi

doi:10.1021/ed400280s

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…HCN exists both in particulate phase as well as in gaseous phase and therefore, the methodology should be able to efficiently trap HCN in both phases. There are several methods reported for the determination of HCN in different matrices (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) and some specific methods for the determination of HCN in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke of tobacco products by various techniques using colorimetry (13), spectrophotometry (14) gas chromatography (15)(16), ion chromatography (17), polarography (18), liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (19) and continuous flow analysis (20)(21)(22). One widely used method for the analysis of HCN in cigarette mainstream smoke is according to Health Canada T-107 ( 23) by continuous flow analyser (CFA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Smoke by Continuous Flow Analysis Method Using Safer Chemistry

Maranna

Saikrishnan

Dinesh

et al. 2018

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SummaryA new safe and sensitive method to determine hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in cigarette smoke using continuous flow analyser (CFA) has been developed and validated. The use of highly toxic potassium cyanide (KCN) as a standard necessitates the development of a safer method for the determination of HCN in cigarette smoke. In this described method KCN is replaced by less toxic potassium tetracyanozincate (Lethal Dose LD50 oral is 7.49 mg/kg for KCN and 2000 mg/kg for potassium tetracyanozincate). Furthermore, the new method uses isonicotinic acid-barbituric acid (coupling reagent) instead of pyridine-pyrazolone as a reagent for the determination of HCN, and hence eliminates the use of pyridine. In this method HCN is trapped on both the Cambridge Filter Pad, then extracted with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and in an impinger containing the same solution. The solution thus extracted is oxidised to cyanogen chloride by Chloramine-T and treated with coupling reagent, the resulting stable chromophore was measured colorimetrically at 600 nm. The regression equation was linear in the range of 1 to 25 μg/mL for cyanide with a correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.9998. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.76 μg/cig and the overall relative standard deviation (RSD) of the method was less than 10%. Excellent recoveries of cyanide were obtained in the range from 92% to 112% and the HCN yields from the Kentucky Reference Cigarette 3R4F obtained from the newly developed method are in good agreement with those from the conventional KCN method. The proposed method is robust, reliable, selective and safer than any of the existing methods for determination of hydrogen cyanide in mainstream as well as in sidestream cigarette smoke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Smoke by Continuous Flow Analysis Method Using Safer Chemistry

Maranna

Saikrishnan

Dinesh

et al. 2018

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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“…As previously reported, cyanides can be visualized and quantified using ninhydrin 11,12 and in many other systems. 13,14 Here, we report an easy reaction with ninhydrin and copper complex as a qualitative classroom activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Demonstrating the Presence of Cyanide in Bitter Seeds while Helping Students Visualize Metal–Cyanide Reduction and Formation in a Copper Complex Reaction

Volpi

2016

J. Chem. Educ.

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An activity for hydrogen cyanide detection in bitter seeds is presented. The procedure is based on the absorption of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from a mixture of chopped seeds into a ninhydrin or tetramminecopper(II) complex solution followed by their reaction. A qualitative experiment is proposed in order to demonstrate the presence of HCN in bitter seeds and to visualize metal–cyanide reduction and formation of an interesting mixed valence copper amino–cyanide complex: Cu3(NH3)4(CN)4.

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“…There are different reported methods determine HCN in different samples including voltammetry [ 13 ], fluorometry [ 14 , 15 ] gas chromatography [ 16 ], LC-MS-MS [ 17 ], HPLC-MS [ 18 ], potentiometry [ 19 ], spectrophotometry [ 20 ] and colorimetry [ 21 ]. Among them, polarography the subclass of voltammetry is the most precise and inexpensive method based on the oxidation and reduction mechanism [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of hydrogen cyanide concentration in mainstream smoke of tobacco products by polarography

Mahernia

Amanlou

Kiaee

et al. 2015

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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BackgroundThere has been a worldwide concern for the health risks of cigarette smoking and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) considered as one of the hazardous tobacco compounds which is needed to be determined in order to reduce the dose related to smoke disease risk.In this study, we prepare the experimental procedure to entrap the HCN from mainstream smoke of different brands of Tehran cigarette, through simulating human inhalation and determine its concentration applying polarography.ResultsThe HCN level of the 50 commonly consumed tobacco products (47 cigarettes and 3 cigars) obtained from local store is ranged between 17.56 ± 1.02 and 1553.98 ± 0.56 μg per stick, this acquired amount is more than FDA approval (10 μg per stick), so the harmful effects of smoking is indicative.ConclusionsThe comparative study of the results shows that the price and the weight of each product do not indicate HCN level. As can be seen, R2 value which is a statistical measure of how close the data are to the fitted regression line is low (R2 < 0.2). So it should not be deceived by names such as ultra light or infinite gravity to suck, because this names or the price haven’t effect on the amount of HCN and its destructive effects.

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Visualizing Smoking Hazard: A Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Smoke and Filters

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Smoke by Continuous Flow Analysis Method Using Safer Chemistry

Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Smoke by Continuous Flow Analysis Method Using Safer Chemistry

Demonstrating the Presence of Cyanide in Bitter Seeds while Helping Students Visualize Metal–Cyanide Reduction and Formation in a Copper Complex Reaction

Determination of hydrogen cyanide concentration in mainstream smoke of tobacco products by polarography

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