Visualizing the importance of oxide-metal phase transitions in the production of synthesis gas over Ni catalysts

Sandoval-Díaz, Luis Ernesto; Plodinec, Milivoj; Ivanov, Danail; Poitel, Stéphane; Hammud, Adnan; Nerl, Hannah C.; Schlögl, Robert; Lunkenbein, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.03.013

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In particular, we highlight a study [158] where the initiation and propagation of reaction fronts and the spillover of activated species were observed in real-time with this approach, Figure 8(a)-(b). Catalysis-induced work function changes of the surface [158] and phase transitions [49,159], including surface reconstructions, can also be investigated on a mesoscopic scale and compared to individual nanoparticle imaging in TEM and be correlated to the catalytic conversion. In addition, the larger chamber volume of the SEM offers several possibilities for adding complementary measurement capabilities and integrating correlative techniques, which can enable enhanced interpretative depth in terms of visual, spectroscopic or diffractometric information from the same sample.…”

Section: Environmental Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One implementation is described in [159], where we incorporated a quartz tube reactor into the chamber of an ESEM with a modified vacuum system for studying catalytic gas-phase reactions (schematic in Figure 5(b)). The quartz tube reactor was machined with holes for the electron beam to pass through and for secondary electrons to escape from.…”

Section: Environmental Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxophilic metal surfaces tend to oxidize immediately, making it challenging to investigate the reactions that take place on these metal surfaces. Using our setup [159],…”

Section: Environmental Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We expect that these efforts will result in the in-depth insight required for the rational design of the next generation of catalysts for a more efficient conversion and utilization of renewable energy. Oxidation ETEM [33,166,199] Closed Cell Online Mass Spectrometry [31,41,51,92,100] Closed Cell IR Spectroscopy [86,213] Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation ETEM [81] Closed Cell Synchrotron X-ray Spectroscopy [212] Closed Cell Synchrotron X-ray and IR Spectroscopy [52] Ethane Dehydrogenation ETEM [239] Ethylene Hydrogenation Closed Cell Mass spectrometry, Synchrotron Xray, IR and Raman Spectroscopy [201,208,209] Fischer-Tropsch ESEM Online Mass Spectrometry [159] Fischer-Tropsch Closed Cell Online Mass Spectrometry [221] Nitrogen Monoxide…”

Section: Summary and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) ESEM images recorded under reaction conditions using the operando SEM setup described in Figure 5(b) at selected temperatures and times on-stream under gas flow conditions of 0.3 mLNmin −1 Ar; 0.3 mLNmin −1 CO 2 ; mLNmin −1 CH 4 . The bright features in (1) and ( 4 Reprinted from [159], Copyright (2020), with permission from Elsevier. (e) Arrhenius plots of the catalytic production of H 2 and CO. (c)-(e) are adapted from [159].…”

Section: A Comparison Of Electrochemical Sem Observations and Xas Mea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ and operando electron microscopy in heterogeneous catalysis—insights into multi-scale chemical dynamics

Chee

Lunkenbein

Schlögl

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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This review features state-of-the-art in situ and operando electron microscopy (EM) studies of heterogeneous catalysts in gas and liquid environments during reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts are important materials for the efficient production of chemicals/fuels on an industrial scale and for energy conversion applications. They also play a central role in various emerging technologies that are needed to ensure a sustainable future for our society. Currently, the rational design of catalysts has largely been hampered by our lack of insight into the working structures that exist during reaction and their associated properties. However, elucidating the working state of catalysts is not trivial, because catalysts are metastable functional materials that adapt dynamically to a specific reaction condition. The structural or morphological alterations induced by chemical reactions can also vary locally. A complete description of their morphologies requires that the microscopic studies undertaken span several length scales. EMs, especially transmission electron microscopes, are powerful tools for studying the structure of catalysts at the nanoscale because of their high spatial resolution, relatively high temporal resolution, and complementary capabilities for chemical analysis. Furthermore, recent advances have enabled the direct observation of catalysts under realistic environmental conditions using specialized reaction cells. Here, we will critically discuss the importance of spatially-resolved operando measurements and the available experimental setups that enable (1) correlated studies where EM observations are complemented by separate measurements of reaction kinetics or spectroscopic analysis of chemical species during reaction or (2) real-time studies where the dynamics of catalysts are followed with EM and the catalytic performance is extracted directly from the reaction cell that is within the EM column or chamber. Examples of current research in this field will be presented. Challenges in the experimental application of these techniques and our perspectives on the field’s future directions will also be discussed.

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Section: Environmental Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxophilic metal surfaces tend to oxidize immediately, making it challenging to investigate the reactions that take place on these metal surfaces. Using our setup [159],…”

Section: Environmental Semmentioning

confidence: 99%