Visually Estimating Substrate Composition at Potential Spawning Sites for Trout in Mountain Streams

Mullner, Scott A.; Hubert, Wayne A.; Wesche, Thomas A.

doi:10.1080/02705060.2000.9663737

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…During 1993-1995 the proportion of a reach comprised of pool, run, or riffle habitat was visually estimated in the field to the nearest 10% and corroborated by examination of photographs collected at the time of sampling. Visual estimates are often precise and accurate in stream systems, particularly in prairie streams dominated by fine substrates (Wang et al 1996;Mullner et al 2000). Substrate was visually estimated to the nearest 10% as silt (diameter < 0.5 mm), sand (0.5-2.5 mm), gravel (2.6-63.5 mm), cobble (63.6-254.0 mm), boulder (>254.0 mm), or bedrock (categories modified from Armantrout 1998).…”

Section: Fish and Habitat Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substrate was visually estimated to the nearest 10% as silt (diameter < 0.5 mm), sand (0.5-2.5 mm), gravel (2.6-63.5 mm), cobble (63.6-254.0 mm), boulder (>254.0 mm), or bedrock (categories modified from Armantrout 1998). Visual estimates are often precise and accurate in stream systems, particularly in prairie streams dominated by fine substrates (Wang et al 1996;Mullner et al 2000). During 2000, however, instream habitat was measured using a diagonal-transect method adapted from Bevenger & King (1995).…”

Section: Fish and Habitat Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hierarchical faunal filters: an approach to assessing effects of habitat and nonnative species on native fishes

Quist

Rahel

Hubert

2005

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Un resumen en españ ol se incluye detrás del texto principal de este artículo.Quist MC, Rahel FJ, Hubert WA. Hierarchical faunal filters: an approach to assessing effects of habitat and nonnative species on native fishes.Abstract -Understanding factors related to the occurrence of species across multiple spatial and temporal scales is critical to the conservation and management of native fishes, especially for those species at the edge of their natural distribution. We used the concept of hierarchical faunal filters to provide a framework for investigating the influence of habitat characteristics and nonnative piscivores on the occurrence of 10 native fishes in streams of the North Platte River watershed in Wyoming. Three faunal filters were developed for each species: (i) large-scale biogeographic, (ii) local abiotic, and (iii) biotic. The large-scale biogeographic filter, composed of elevation and stream-size thresholds, was used to determine the boundaries within which each species might be expected to occur. Then, a local abiotic filter (i.e., habitat associations), developed using binary logistic-regression analysis, estimated the probability of occurrence of each species from features such as maximum depth, substrate composition, submergent aquatic vegetation, woody debris, and channel morphology (e.g., amount of pool habitat). Lastly, a biotic faunal filter was developed using binary logistic regression to estimate the probability of occurrence of each species relative to the abundance of nonnative piscivores in a reach. Conceptualising fish assemblages within a framework of hierarchical faunal filters is simple and logical, helps direct conservation and management activities, and provides important information on the ecology of fishes in the western Great Plains of North America.

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Section: Fish and Habitat Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fish and Habitat Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical faunal filters: an approach to assessing effects of habitat and nonnative species on native fishes

Quist

Rahel

Hubert

2005

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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“…At each site, a transect was established, and benthic substrates were assessed visually and categorized as 'boulders': >250 mm, 'cobbles': 60-250 mm, 'gravel': 10-64 mm, 'fine gravel': 2-10 mm, 'clay, sand and silt': <0.06-2 mm and 'coarse organic matter' (e.g. leaves) (Bain and Stevenson, 1999;Mullner et al, 2000). Canopy cover and substrate embeddedness, a measure of the degree to which large particles (e.g.…”

Section: Physico-chemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Small Impoundments on Leaf Litter Decomposition in Streams

Mbaka

Schäfer

2015

River Research & Apps

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Leaf litter decomposition is an important process providing energy to freshwater biota. Flow regulation and dams can strongly alter freshwater ecosystems, but little is known about the effect of small impoundments on leaf litter decomposition rates in headwater streams. In this study, we examined the effect of small water storage impoundments (80 to 720 m3) on leaf litter decomposition by comparing sites located within 10‐m upstream and downstream of nine impoundments (Rhineland Palatinate, Germany) and sites located further upstream and downstream. The impoundments did not have a statistically significant effect on most physico‐chemical variables. However, the abundance of shredders and leaf litter decomposition rates decreased in study sites located within 10‐m upstream of the area flooded by impoundments. Small impoundments can locally reduce leaf litter decomposition rates in headwater streams. The effect of small impoundments on ecosystem functioning is minor and may require less attention by freshwater managers than other stressors, though this may differ for other ecological aspects such as connectivity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Increases in surface fines from 20% provide a warning of probable negative effects (Rhodes et al 1994). Mullner et al (2000) found that in 97% of the 105 freezecore samples taken in trout spawning habitat in Wyoming, when surface fines varied between 40 and 90% fines, the fines at depth were equal to or greater than this value and could range as high as 99% for each increment of 10% surface fines between 40 and 90%. This indicates that surface fines estimates can be minimal estimates of fines at egg pocket depth.…”

Section: What Is the Predicted Biological Effect Of The Levels Of Finmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actual amounts of fines by depth in spawning riffles in the study streams appear to be much higher than in sample buckets on collection, based on visual inspection with a shovel in known spawning riffles immediately prior to spawning. Typically surface fines are less than fines at depth (Rhodes et al 1994, Diplas 1994, Whiting and King 2003, Mullner et al 2000. Ability of a female to dig a redd to winnow away the fines in order to create a particle mixture as coarse as that placed into sample buckets is probably unlikely, although considerable cleaning does occur (Everest et al 1987, Garrett 1995, Barnard 1992.…”

Section: What Is the Predicted Biological Effect Of The Levels Of Finmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Fine Sediment; Grande Ronde and John Day Rivers, 2001-2003 Final Report.

McCullough¹,

Greene²

2006

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Elevated levels of fine sediments in streams of the Columbia River basin caused by watershed development present a widespread environmental impact that is likely a significant determinant of reductions in salmonid productivity and survival. Recovery of severely depressed salmon and steelhead stocks under the Endangered Species Act will require watershed restoration such that the cumulative sources of elevated sediment delivery are controlled and the excessive stores of surface and subsurface fine sediments are reduced.Trends in fine sediments in salmon and steelhead spawning areas were studied in four watersheds in northeastern Oregon in a multi-year effort to evaluate whether overall land management actions are being successful in improving fine sediment conditions. Fine sediment trends were evaluated by monitoring percentage surface fine sediment as well as fine sediment infiltration into cleaned spawning gravels embedded into spawning reaches in plastic buckets.Surface fines were measured using three techniques: visual estimation of fines as well as the full particle size distribution; a grid method, whereby a sample frame with a regular grid of wires defined sample points for evaluating whether a particle was less than or equal to the fine particle threshold size (6.35 mm median diameter); and the standard pebble count method. A comparison of regression trends among streams indicates that the GR-GT pair had nonsignificant regression slope differences. This pair was distinct from the NFJDR which was distinct from CC.Overwinter fine sediment (for fines <0.85 mm and <6.35 mm) infiltration monitoring in the cleaned gravels of "artificial redds" indicated no signficant 4-year trend for any stream, except ii for the <6.35 size fraction in the NFJDR. The North Fork exhibited a highly significant increasing level of fine sediment (<6.35 mm) infiltrated into cleaned substrate in buckets over this time period. In three years, the GR and NFJDR had the highest levels of overwinter infiltration. In each of the four study years, GT and CC were not significantly different from one another in mean overwinter infiltration. In 2001, the NFJDR had the highest level of infiltrated fines (16.4%) less than 6.35 mm. Variation in infiltration of fines <0.85 mm produced fewer significant differences among streams within a single year than did fines <6.35 mm.Given the lack of significant regression trends in overwinter fines infiltration, 4-years of data for each stream were lumped. Statistical comparison of 4-year mean overwinter fines infiltration among study streams revealed that for fines <6.35 mm, percentage infiltration for NFJDR and GR were 12.6 and 12.1%, respectively; for CC and GT infiltration was 7.8 and 7.5%, respectively. The NFJDR and GR were not statistically different from one another; likewise, CC and GT were not significantly different.Over this 4-year period in the NFJDR, GR, CC, and GT, the maximum level of infiltration by fines <6.35 mm in the field was 22.5, 22.8, 22.7, and 14.5%. Laboratory tests of the...

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Visually Estimating Substrate Composition at Potential Spawning Sites for Trout in Mountain Streams

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Hierarchical faunal filters: an approach to assessing effects of habitat and nonnative species on native fishes

Hierarchical faunal filters: an approach to assessing effects of habitat and nonnative species on native fishes

Effect of Small Impoundments on Leaf Litter Decomposition in Streams

Monitoring Fine Sediment; Grande Ronde and John Day Rivers, 2001-2003 Final Report.

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