Visuo-spatial processing and dimensions of schizotypy: figure-ground segregation as a function of psychotic-like features

Tsakanikos, Elias; Reed, Phil

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00263-5

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the means, SDs, and intercorrelations between the O-LIFE scales. The means and the SDs, as well as the pattern of intercorrelations, were comparable to these reported in the original study on the development of the scales (Mason et al, 1995) as well as to these reported in later studies (e.g., Tsakanikos, 2004;Tsakanikos and Reed, 2003). Preliminary inspection of the detection data revealed that the distributions were negatively skewed (skewness values Ͼ4 times their SEs); therefore, they were logarithmically transformed by employing the Blom estimation formula (͓r -3/8͔/͓w ϩ 1/4͔, where r ϭ rank and w ϭ sum of the case weights).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Do Positive Schizotypal Symptoms Predict False Perceptual Experiences in Nonclinical Populations?

Tsakanikos¹,

Reed²

2005

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

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Abstract:We examined whether positive schizotypy (i.e., reports of hallucinatory and delusional-like experiences) in nonclinical participants could predict false perceptual experiences during detection of fast-moving words beyond a possible response bias. The participants (N ϭ 160) were assigned to one of two conditions: they were asked either to make presence/absence judgments (loose criterion) or to read aloud every detected word (strict criterion). Regression analysis showed that high levels of positive schizotypy predicted false alarms in the loose condition and false perceptions of words in the strict condition. The obtained effects were independent of detection accuracy, task order, impulsivity, and social desirability. We discuss the results in the context of information processing biases linked to the positive symptomatology of schizophrenia. Clinical and theoretical implications are also considered.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Based on previous studies (e.g., Tsakanikos, 2004;Tsakanikos and Reed, 2003), the typical range of scores on the O-LIFE scales is as follows: Unusual Experiences, 0 -27; Cognitive Disorganization, 0 -22; Introvertive Anhedonia, 0 -15; and Impulsivity Nonconformity, 0 -19.…”

Section: Schizotypy Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Positive Schizotypal Symptoms Predict False Perceptual Experiences in Nonclinical Populations?

Tsakanikos¹,

Reed²

2005

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

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“…Table 2 shows the means, standard deviations, and inter-correlations between the O-LIFE scales. The means, standard deviations, and the pattern of inter-correlations were comparable to these reported in the original study on the development of the scales (Mason et al, 1995), and to these reported in later studies (e.g., Tsakanikos & Reed, 2003). The inter-correlations between the O-LIFE scales suggest that most schizotypy symptoms are related to some extent (i.e.…”

Section: Schizotypy Measuressupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory for Feelings and Experiences consists of 159 items selected on the basis of factor-analytic studies of older scales assessing psychotic-like features in the general population (Mason, Claridge, & Jackson, 1995). Contributing to the experimental validity of this inventory, various studies have confirmed that high schizotypy scorers, as identified by the O-LIFE sub-scales, demonstrate cognitive deficits similar to those seen in schizophrenic patients (Burch, Steel, & Hemsley, 1998;Goodarzi, Wykes, & Hemsley, 2000;Gray, Fernandez, Williams, Ruddle, & Snowden, 2002;Tsakanikos & Reed, 2003). More specifically, it assesses the following dimensions:…”

Section: Schizotypy Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional approaches to experimental psychopathology of schizophrenia: shift learning and report of psychotic-like experiences in college students

Tsakanikos

Reed

2005

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Adopting a dimensional approach to experimental psychopathology, and taking into account inconsistencies in the previous literature, we examined whether reports of psychoticlike experiences in undergraduate students were associated with shift-learning deficits, akin to those seen in schizophrenia. The participants (N ¼ 72) were tested on a new compound stimulus discrimination task before and after a target shift, and were administered a multidimensional schizotypy inventory (O-LIFE). Performance impairment following a target shift was associated with the negative (introvertive anhedonia) and the impulsive (impulsive nonconformity) dimension of schizotypy, but not with the positive (unusual experiences), nor the disorganised (cognitive disorganisation) dimension. None of the schizotypy measures were associated with performance on discrimination learning before the target shift. The obtained results are in line with past evidence that shift learning is associated with the severity of the negative symptomatology of schizophrenia. The possibility that psychotic-like features may

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“…Perceptions of time and space are commonly distorted for the schizophrenic patient, as well as aspects of attention such as figure-ground segregation (Tsakanikos and Reed 2003). Beckett's narrators also demonstrate such distortions of perception, which often compromise the immunity principle and so make difficult ascriptions of ownership to one's sensations and states of mind.…”

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confidence: 99%

All in My Head: Beckett, Schizophrenia and the Self

Barry

2016

J Med Humanit

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This article will explore the representation of certain mental and somatic phenomena in Beckett's trilogy of novels Molloy, Malone Dies and The Unnamable, exploring how his understanding of schizophrenia and psychosis informs his representation of the relationship between mind and body. It will also examine recent phenomenological and philosophical accounts of schizophrenia (Louis Sass, Josef Parnas, Shaun Gallagher) that see the condition as a disorder of selfhood and concentrate in it on the disruption to ipseity, a fundamental and prereflective awareness of self that leads to a loss of 'grip' (in the term of Merleau-Ponty) on concepts and percepts. Beckett's writing might, it is argued, make such disruptions more tangible and intelligible. The article will also consider John Campbell's argument that immunity of the first person to error-Sydney Shoemaker's foundational philosophical idea that we cannot misspeak the first person pronoun-is revoked in states of psychosis, and relate such states to the moments in Beckett's writing where this immunity is challenged, and quasipsychotic experiences represented.

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Visuo-spatial processing and dimensions of schizotypy: figure-ground segregation as a function of psychotic-like features

Abstract: The aim of the reported study was to determine whether the ability to segregate a simple figure embedded in a complex visual ground, was associated with psychotic-like features in a sample of undergraduate students.

Cited by 30 publications

References 44 publications

Do Positive Schizotypal Symptoms Predict False Perceptual Experiences in Nonclinical Populations?

Do Positive Schizotypal Symptoms Predict False Perceptual Experiences in Nonclinical Populations?

Dimensional approaches to experimental psychopathology of schizophrenia: shift learning and report of psychotic-like experiences in college students

All in My Head: Beckett, Schizophrenia and the Self

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