Visuomotor competencies and primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in prepubertal aged children

Esposito, Maria; Gallai, Beatrice; Parisi, Lucia; Roccella, Michele; Marotta, Rosa; Lavano, Serena Marianna; Patriciello, Giuseppina; Precenzano, Francesco; Carotenuto, Marco

doi:10.2147/ndt.s46772

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In fact, from a developmental perspective, voiding dysfunctions may be not considered as only sphinteric/elimination problems because they are accompanied by many other comorbidities such as learning and visuomotor integration difficulties,76,77 sleep troubles,75 and behavioral abnormalities,84–87 as confirmed by the CBCL results in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Moreover, psychological disturbances accompanying encopresis seem to be reduced when encopresis frequency is diminished, which pointed to the idea that the behavioral and emotional problems of children with encopresis may be the result of the psychological disturbance, not its cause,102 which is exactly the case for primary nocturnal enuresis 56,74–77…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the exclusion criteria were: gastroenteric disorders (constipation or Hirschsprung’s disease); allergies; endocrinological problems (ie, diabetes); preterm birth;49,50 neurological (ie, epilepsy, primary headaches)51–66 or psychiatric symptoms (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, or behavioral problems); mental retardation (intelligence quotient [IQ] ≤70); borderline intellectual functioning (IQ ranging from 71 to 84);67,68 overweight (body mass index ≥85th percentile) or obesity (body mass index ≥95th percentile);69,70 sleep disorders;71–73 primary nocturnal enuresis;74–77 anticonvulsant 78,79 or psychoactive drug administration; or any other regular medication (ie, laxative drugs).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychomotor approach in children affected by nonretentive fecal soiling (FNRFS): a new rehabilitative purpose

Carotenuto¹,

Esposito²,

Gimigliano³

et al. 2013

NDT

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BackgroundAccording to the Rome III criteria, encopresis without constipation was defined as nonretentive fecal soiling (FNRFS) with not yet well understood etiology. Treatment approaches reported in the literature with varying results include biofeedback, hypnosis, reflexology, and Internet-based educational programs. In developmental age, another behavioral treatment could be identified in the psychomotor approach, which is called psychomotricity in the European countries, or is also known as play therapy. The aim of the present study was to verify the safety and efficacy of play therapy plus toilet training in a small sample of prepubertal children affected by FNRFS.Materials and methodsTwenty-six patients (group 1; 16 males, mean age of 5.92 ± 0.84 years) underwent a psychomotor approach therapy program in association with toilet training for 6 months, and the other 26 subjects (group 2; 17 males, mean age of 5.76 ± 0.69) underwent the sole toilet training program for 6 months. During the observational time period (T0) and after 6 months (T1) of both treatments, the patients were evaluated for FNRFS frequency and for the behavioral assessment.ResultsAt T0, the FNRFS mean frequency per month for group 1 was 20.115 episodes/month (standard deviation [SD] ± 3.024) and for group 2 was 20.423 (SD ± 1.879) (P = 0.661). At T1 the mean frequency per month was 6.461 (SD ± 1.333) episodes/month and 12.038 (SD ± 1.341), respectively (P < 0.001). Moreover, the delta percent average of the frequency between T0 and T1 was 67.121 ± 8.527 for group 1 and 40.518 ± 9.259 for group 2 (P < 0.001). At T1, a significant improvement in scores on the behavioral scale was identified.ConclusionOur preliminary results show the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, and suggest the positive effect of an additional psychomotor approach, as this holds a new and interesting rehabilitative purpose for children in a toilet training program, even if further research is necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychomotor approach in children affected by nonretentive fecal soiling (FNRFS): a new rehabilitative purpose

Carotenuto¹,

Esposito²,

Gimigliano³

et al. 2013

NDT

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“…Exclusion criteria were allergies, endocrinological problems (ie, diabetes), preterm birth,29,30 neurological (ie, epilepsy, all types of headache other than MoA) or psychiatric symptoms (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, behavioral problems), mental retardation (IQ ≤ 70), borderline intellectual functioning (IQ ranging from 71 to 84),31,32 overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 85th percentile) or obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile),33,34 sleep disorders,14,35–39 primary nocturnal enuresis,40–42 and anticonvulsant43,44 or psychoactive drug administration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal personality profile of children affected by migraine

Esposito¹,

Roccella²,

Gallai³

et al. 2013

NDT

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BackgroundEmpirical evidence of the important role of the family in primary pediatric headache has grown significantly in the last few years, although the interconnections between the dysfunctional process and the family interaction are still unclear. Even though the role of parenting in childhood migraine is well known, no studies about the personality of parents of migraine children have been conducted. The aim of the present study was to assess, using an objective measure, the personality profile of mothers of children affected by migraine without aura (MoA).Materials and methodsA total of 269 mothers of MoA children (153 male, 116 female, aged between 6 and 12 years; mean 8.93 ± 3.57 years) were compared with the findings obtained from a sample of mothers of 587 healthy children (316 male, 271 female, mean age 8.74 ± 3.57 years) randomly selected from schools in the Campania, Umbria, Calabria, and Sicily regions. Each mother filled out the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – second edition (MMPI-2), widely used to diagnose personality and psychological disorders. The t-test was used to compare age and MMPI-2 clinical basic and content scales between mothers of MoA and typical developing children, and Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the relation between MMPI-2 scores of mothers of MoA children and frequency, intensity, and duration of migraine attacks of their children.ResultsMothers of MoA children showed significantly higher scores in the paranoia and social introversion clinical basic subscales, and in the anxiety, obsessiveness, depression, health concerns, bizarre mentation, cynicism, type A, low self-esteem, work interference, and negative treatment indicator clinical content subscales (P < 0.001 for all variables). Moreover, Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between MoA frequency of children and anxiety (r = 0.4903, P = 0.024) and low self-esteem (r = 0.5130, P = 0.017), while the MoA duration of children was related with hypochondriasis (r = 0.6155, P = 0.003), hysteria (r = 0.6235, P = 0.003), paranoia (r = 0.5102, P = 0.018), psychasthenia (r = 0.4806, P = 0.027), schizophrenia (r = 0.4350, P = 0.049), anxiety (r = 0.4332, P = 0.050), and health concerns (r = 0.7039, P < 0.001) MMPI-2 scores of their mothers.ConclusionThis could be considered a preliminary study that indicates the potential value of maternal personality assessment for better comprehension and clinical management of children affected by migraine, though further studies on the other primary headaches are necessary.

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“…Enuretic children suffer from low self-esteem,6 reduced fine motor coordination, visuomotor integration abnormalities,7 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,8 reading difficulties,9 and there may be an association with migraine 10. Moreover the risk of psychosocial comorbidity is higher in therapy-resistant enuresis 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep apnea in children with refractory monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

El‐Mitwalli¹,

Bediwy²,

Zaher³

et al. 2014

NSS

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BackgroundChildren with nocturnal enuresis (NE) are believed to have deep sleep with high arousal threshold. Studies suggest that obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and NE are common problems during childhood. We sought to assess the prevalence of OSAHS in children with refractory NE and whether its severity is associated with the frequency of bedwetting.MethodsThe study group comprised 43 children with refractory monosymptomatic NE and a control group of 30 children, both aged 6–12 years. All subjects underwent thorough neurological examination, one night of polysomnography only for the patient group, and a lumbosacral plain X-ray to exclude spina bifida.ResultsThe groups were well matched. Two subjects of the control group had mild OSAHS. The mean age of the patients was (9.19±2.4 years), 26 were boys, and 67% showed frequent NE (>3 days bedwetting/week). Patients with NE had significantly higher rates of OSAHS (P<0.0001); three patients had mild, 12 had moderate, and eleven showed severe OSAHS. There was no significant statistical difference among patients having OSAHS in relation to age, sex, or family history of NE. The frequency of bedwetting was statistically significantly higher in patients with severe OSAHS (P=0.003).ConclusionPatients with refractory NE had a significantly higher prevalence of OSAHS with no sex difference. The frequency of bedwetting was higher in patients with severe OSAHS.

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Visuomotor competencies and primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in prepubertal aged children

Cited by 30 publications

References 60 publications

Psychomotor approach in children affected by nonretentive fecal soiling (FNRFS): a new rehabilitative purpose

Psychomotor approach in children affected by nonretentive fecal soiling (FNRFS): a new rehabilitative purpose

Maternal personality profile of children affected by migraine

Sleep apnea in children with refractory monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

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