Visuomotor control dynamics of quiet standing under single and dual task conditions in younger and older adults

Walsh, Gregory S.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136122

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The act of breathing through a mask may be identified as the source of the anxiety and become the threat to which a greater proportion of their attention is reallocated away from the task of standing. Consequently, a more automated postural control response is experienced, a response replicable of observations made in dual-task distraction-based studies (Cavanaugh et al, 2007;Donker et al, 2007;Walsh, 2021). When the mask was removed and normal air breathing resumed, post-inhalation dynamic stability in the anterio-posterior sway path was significantly improved following the CO 2 inhalation condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Informed by previous literature (e.g., Bailey et al, 2007 ; Garner et al, 2011 ) which has observed only increases in anxiety symptomology due to the CO 2 challenge, it was predicted that there will be increases in heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), and self‐report state symptoms of affect and anxiety in the CO 2 compared to normal air post‐inhalation period and compared to pre‐inhalation air condition. Importantly, prior research also highlights mood states and anxiety results in poorer balance control (Bolmont et al, 2002 ), as well as other factors such as removal of visual information (Raffalt et al, 2019 ), increased age (Walsh, 2021 ) and disorders such as multiple sclerosis (Gera et al, 2020 ). Emphasizing a general decrease in balance control due to comorbid factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO₂ challenge model

et al. 2022

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Anxiety and balance and postural control are linked via common neural pathways, such as the parabrachial nucleus network. A laboratory-based model of general anxiety disorder (GAD) using the CO 2 challenge, has potential to be used to observe this relationship, potentially mimicking subjective, autonomic, and neuropsychological features of GAD. The current feasibility study used the CO 2 challenge to explore postural control changes in healthy adults. It was predicted that during the CO 2 condition, participants would show increased postural sway path length and decreased sway stability, compared with a normal air breathing condition. To assess this, heart and breathing rate, quiet standing postural sway path length, sway dynamic stability, and subjective measures of emotion were measured either before and after or during and after the inhalation conditions.Results demonstrated that CO 2 inhalation led to both an increase in sway path length and reduced sway stability compared to the air breathing conditions; the effect on sway path lasted after the inhalation of CO 2 had ceased. Additionally, replication of HR and subjective measures of emotion were observed when comparing air and CO 2 conditions. This provides experimental evidence that CO 2 inhalation can affect balance, suggestive of shared mechanisms between anxiety and balance performance, as well as indicating that the CO 2 model of GAD is suitable to look at changes in balance performance in healthy adults. Future use of this model to explore factors that can reduce the influence of GAD on balance would be beneficial as would a more detailed exploration of the neural pathways associated with the associated comorbidity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO₂ challenge model

et al. 2022

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“…It has been suggested that lower postural sway complexity is indicative of a less stable postural control system that is less robust to perturbation (Lamoth & van Heuvelen, 2012;Zhou et al, 2013). Older adults have lower sway complexity than young adults (Kilby et al, 2014;Walsh, 2021;Zhou et al, 2013) and older fallers have lower sway complexity than non-fallers (Costa et al, 2007;Ramdani et al, 2013). The present findings suggest that a higher muscle quality could be a contributing mechanism to greater sway complexity, demonstrated by the significant positive relationship and significantly greater ML complexity in higher muscle quality compared to lower muscle quality older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower sway complexity is indicative of a less robust postural control system (Lamoth & van Heuvelen, 2012;Zhou et al, 2013). It has also been demonstrated that older adults have less complex sway compared to young adults (Kilby et al, 2014;Walsh, 2021;Zhou et al, 2013) and older fallers have less complex sway than older non-fallers (Costa et al, 2007;Ramdani et al, 2013). Therefore, non-linear measures of postural control could be related to muscle quality, whereas linear measures such as postural sway magnitude are not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Postural Control and Muscle Quality in Older Adults

Walsh

Low

Arkesteijn

2021

Journal of Motor Behavior

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This study aimed to determine relationships between muscle quality, the ratio of muscle strength to muscle mass, and postural control and compare postural control of older adults with higher and lower muscle quality. Twenty-five older adults had leg muscle quality and postural control with eyes open and closed measured. Linear and non-linear postural control variables were calculated from center of pressure movements. There was a significant canonical correlation between muscle quality and sway complexity, but no relationship between muscle quality and sway magnitude. Higher muscle quality older adults had greater medio-lateral sway complexity than lower muscle quality older adults. These findings suggest that higher muscle quality relates to greater sway complexity in older adults, suggesting maintenance of muscle quality should be considered important to attenuate postural control declines.

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“…In the presence of sensory conflicts, the mean frequency (MF) change of COP in older adults is especially evident in the anteroposterior (AP) direction, corresponding to the uncertainty of balance control ( Moon et al, 2021 ). A relatively low level of COP entropy measures is noted in older adults, which indicates functional consequences of age-related complexity loss and inferior adaptive capacity to environmental constraints ( Manor et al, 2010 ; Walsh, 2021 ). An increase in COP regularity also reflects greater attentional investment in postural control for the elderly ( Donker et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations of postural sway dynamics and cortical response to unstable stance with stroboscopic vision in older adults

et al. 2022

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Background: Stroboscopic vision (SV), intermittent visual blocking, has recently been incorporated into postural training in rehabilitation. This study investigated interactions of postural fluctuation dynamics and cortical processing for the elderly during stabilometer stance with SV.Methods: Thirty-five healthy elderly maintained an upright stance on a stabilometer. Along with postural fluctuation dynamics, EEG relative power and EEG-EEG connectivity were used to contrast neuromechanical controls of stabilometer stance with SV and full-vision.Results: Compared with the full-vision, SV led to greater postural fluctuations with lower sample entropy and mean frequency (MF). SV also reduced regional power in the mid-frontal theta cluster, which was correlated to SV-dependent changes in the size of postural fluctuations. SV also enhanced the alpha band supra-threshold connectivity in the visual dorsal and frontal–occipital loops of the right hemisphere, and the supra-threshold connectivity from Fp2 positively related to variations in the MF of postural fluctuations.Conclusion: SV adds challenge to postural regulation on the stabilometer, with the increasing regularity of postural movements and fewer corrective attempts to achieve the postural goal. The elderly shift over-reliance on visual inputs for posture control with more non-visual awareness, considering deactivation of the dorsal visual stream and visual error processing.

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Visuomotor control dynamics of quiet standing under single and dual task conditions in younger and older adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO₂ challenge model

The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO₂ challenge model

The Relationship between Postural Control and Muscle Quality in Older Adults

Adaptations of postural sway dynamics and cortical response to unstable stance with stroboscopic vision in older adults

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Visuomotor control dynamics of quiet standing under single and dual task conditions in younger and older adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO2 challenge model

The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO2 challenge model

The Relationship between Postural Control and Muscle Quality in Older Adults

Adaptations of postural sway dynamics and cortical response to unstable stance with stroboscopic vision in older adults

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The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO₂ challenge model

The impact of anxiety on postural control: CO₂ challenge model