Visuomotor relearning after brain damage crucially depends on the integrity of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus.

Fabre‐Thorpe, Michèle; Levesque, F.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.105.1.176

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Secondly, the extension of the thalamic lesion from VL only to VL and VA does not simply induce a more severe deficit and a more restricted recovery, it also results in a modification of the impairment features themselves suggesting that the cerebral circuits that take over motor control are different, depending on the thalamic lesion. Finally, these results will be discussed in relation with previous suggestions concerning the possible role of thalamo-cortical messages in motor learning and relearning (Fabre-Thorpe, 1992; Fabre-Thorpe & Levesque, 1991b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effect of pairing red nucleus and motor thalamic lesions on reaching toward moving targets in cats.

Lorincz¹,

Fabre‐Thorpe²

1997

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The small effects of bilateral lesions of motor thalamus on motor control and the transient deficits induced by bilateral kainic red nucleus (RN) lesions have been explained by a parallel competitive role of the cortico- and rubro-spinal pathways. Either pathway can take over motor control if the other is damaged. In this study the effect of bilateral and simultaneous lesions of both RN and motor thalamus was analyzed on cats overtrained to reach toward a moving target. After lesion, accuracy was impaired, movement onset was delayed, and movement execution was perturbed. However, postoperative retraining led to full recovery of the preoperative accuracy level although movement latency remained higher. The relative mildness of the long-lasting deficit after lesioning 2 main motor brain structures underlines the robustness of overlearned movements and widens the idea of parallelism in the motor system to other (subcortical?) pathways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effect of pairing red nucleus and motor thalamic lesions on reaching toward moving targets in cats.

Lorincz¹,

Fabre‐Thorpe²

1997

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…The ventral lateral nucleus receives projections from the cerebellum and connects reciprocally with the basal ganglia, motor cortex, and premotor cortices to form a sensorimotor network that drives the acquisition and implementation of learned motor behaviors (67–69). Smaller regional volumes in the ventral lateral nucleus could therefore contribute to the gross and fine motor disturbances and the slower processing speed that have been documented in children with ADHD (70–74).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Abnormalities of the Thalamus in Youths With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Ivanov

Bansal

Hao

et al. 2010

AJP

148

107

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Objective The role of the thalamus in the genesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains poorly understood. The authors used anatomical MRI to examine the morphology of the thalamus in youths with ADHD and healthy comparison youths. Method The authors examined 46 youths with ADHD and 59 comparison youths 8–18 years of age in a cross-sectional case-control study. Conventional volumes and measures of surface morphology of the thalamus served as the main outcome measures. Results A mixed-effects model comparing whole thalamic volumes revealed no significant differences between groups. Maps of the thalamic surface revealed significantly smaller regional volumes bilaterally in the pulvinar in youths with ADHD relative to comparison subjects. Post hoc analyses showed that ADHD patients who received stimulants (N=31) had larger conventional thalamic volumes than untreated youths with ADHD, and maps of the thalamic surface showed enlargement over the pulvinar in those receiving stimulants. Smaller regional volumes in the right lateral and left posterior thalamic surfaces were associated with more severe hyperactivity symptoms, whereas larger regional volumes in the right medial thalamic surfaces were associated with more severe symptoms of inattention. Conclusion These findings demonstrate reduced pulvinar volumes in youths with ADHD and indicate that this same area is relatively enlarged in patients treated with stimulants compared to those untreated. Associations of hyperactivity scores with smaller regional volumes on the lateral thalamic surface and inattention scores with larger regional volumes on the medial thalamic surface suggest the differential involvement of thalamic subcircuits in the pathogenesis of differing ADHD symptoms.

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“…For example, lesions of the thalamus can be effective for relieving tremor but are not effective for relieving other symptoms such as bradykinesia and akinesia. In fact, lesions, even very large ones, of cerebellar-receiving regions of the thalamus have little effect on limb movements in monkeys, cats, and humans (Canavan et al 1989 ; Fabre-Thorpe and Levesque 1991 ; Bastian and Thach 1995 ; Duval et al 2006 ). Still, lesions of the lateral cerebellum including the lateral nucleus produce severe movement deficits (Botterell 1938 ; Carpenter and Stevens 1957 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is a problem with movement pathways involving thalamic nuclei: Lesions in the thalamus that interrupt projections to the motor cortex can relieve tremors associated with PD or cerebellar disease but have little effect on other motor symptoms such as akinesia and bradykinesia (Marsden and Obeso 1994 ; Duval et al 2006 ). Additionally, animal experiments show that limb movements, which are severely disturbed by basal ganglia diseases or cerebellar damage, remain relatively normal after large thalamic lesions (Canavan et al 1989 ; Fabre-Thorpe and Levesque 1991 ) or temporary inactivation of the thalamus (van Donkelaar et al 2000 ). Therefore, basal ganglia output must be able to influence movement via pathways that do not pass through the thalamus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis: a bridge between the basal ganglia and cerebellum for movement control

2023

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Neural processing in the basal ganglia is critical for normal movement. Diseases of the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease, produce a variety of movement disorders including akinesia and bradykinesia. Many believe that the basal ganglia influence movement via thalamic projections to motor areas of the cerebral cortex and through projections to the cerebellum, which also projects to the motor cortex via the thalamus. However, lesions that interrupt these thalamic pathways to the cortex have little effect on many movements, including limb movements. Yet, limb movements are severely impaired by basal ganglia disease or damage to the cerebellum. We can explain this impairment as well as the mild effects of thalamic lesions if basal ganglia and cerebellar output reach brainstem motor regions without passing through the thalamus. In this report, we describe several brainstem pathways that connect basal ganglia output to the cerebellum via nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP). Additionally, we propose that widespread afferent and efferent connections of NRTP with the cerebellum could integrate processing across cerebellar regions. The basal ganglia could then alter movements via descending projections of the cerebellum. Pathways through NRTP are important for the control of normal movement and may underlie deficits associated with basal ganglia disease.

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Visuomotor relearning after brain damage crucially depends on the integrity of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus.

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Effect of pairing red nucleus and motor thalamic lesions on reaching toward moving targets in cats.

Effect of pairing red nucleus and motor thalamic lesions on reaching toward moving targets in cats.

Morphological Abnormalities of the Thalamus in Youths With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis: a bridge between the basal ganglia and cerebellum for movement control

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