Visuospatial information processing load and the ratio between parietal cue and target P3 amplitudes in the Attentional Network Test

Objective To estimate whether the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM) is biologically accurate for the diagnosis of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using a biological-based classifier built by a special method of multivariate analysis of a large dataset of a small sample (much more variables than subjects), holding neurophysiological, behavioral, and psychological variables. Methods Twenty typically developing boys and 19 boys diagnosed with ADHD, aged 10–13 years, were examined using the Attentional Network Test (ANT) with recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs). From 774 variables, a reduced number of latent variables (LVs) were extracted with a clustering of variables method (CLV), for further reclassification of subjects using the k-means method. This approach allowed a multivariate analysis to be applied to a significantly larger number of variables than the number of cases. Results From datasets including ERPs from the mid-frontal, mid-parietal, right frontal, and central scalp areas, we found 82% of agreement between DSM and biological-based classifications. The kappa index between DSM and behavioral/psychological/neurophysiological data was 0.75, which is regarded as a “substantial level of agreement”. Discussion The CLV is a useful method for multivariate analysis of datasets with much less subjects than variables. In this study, a correlation is found between the biological-based classifier and the DSM outputs for the classification of subjects as either ADHD or not. This result suggests that DSM clinically describes a biological condition, supporting its validity for ADHD diagnostics.

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“…The ANT version adapted for children was used (Kratz et al, 2011; Abramov et al, 2017). It was performed by an inhouse software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples

Abramov

Лазарев

Gomes

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…Overall, P3 wave reflects the temporo-parietal high-order information processing, which is under the control of frontal executive centers [53, 54]. As cue and target conditions in the present study were equiprobable, we can consider that P3 possibly reflected the allocation of information workload for target visuospatial processing [37, 53]. Therefore, the lower P3 amplitude in ADHD was possibly a result of impaired cognitive processes related to visuospatial information processing in ANT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In the ANT paradigm that was used here [31, 32, 37], there is a temporal dissociation of flank distractors and target onset at 100 ms. The temporal dissociation of the target seems to reduce the damaging effect of flank distractors on behavior, which is higher in the case of incongruence between target and distractors [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used an ANT version adapted to children [31, 32, 37], with three equiprobable cueing conditions (NoCue, NtCue, and SpCue) operating on a cyan background with a central black cross as a fixation point. The cue (red asterisk) would appear for 150 ms in the center (NtCue) or in the upper or lower hemifields of the screen, above the position where the target would appear afterwards (SpCue), with a stimulus-onset asynchrony of 1650 ms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of alertness impairment and compensatory processes in ADHD evidenced by the Attention Network Test

et al. 2019

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In Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), fMRI studies show asymmetric alterations: widespread hypoactivation in anterior cortical areas and hyperactivation in some posterior regions, and the latter is considered to be related to compensatory processes. In Posner’s attentional networks, an important role is attributed to functional interhemispheric asymmetries. The psychophysiological Attention Network Test (ANT), which measures the efficiency of the alerting, orienting, and executive networks, seems particularly informative for ADHD. Potentials related to ANT stimuli (ANT-RPs) have revealed reduced cognitive potential P3 in ADHD. However, there are no studies associated with asymmetry of ANT-RPs. In the present study, conducted with 20 typically developing boys and 19 boys with ADHD, aged 11–13 years, the efficiency of the three Posner’s networks regarding performance and amplitude asymmetries in ANT-RPs was evaluated according to the arithmetic difference of these parameters between different cue and target presentation conditions. The results were correlated to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) scores. Regarding accuracy and intraindividual variation in reaction time, ADHD subjects showed lower efficiency of executive and alerting network, and this effect was correlated with DSM. Regarding alerting network, ANT-RPs in ADHD did not have the right-side amplitude prevalence in the temporal regions, which was observed in controls. In all ANT conditions, significantly higher asymmetries were observed in ADHD than in controls in the occipital regions 40–200 ms after target onset. Their amplitude in ADHD subjects was inversely proportional to DSM scores of inattentiveness and directly proportional to accuracy and efficiency of the executive network. The results suggest impaired alerting and executive networks in ADHD and compensatory occipital mechanisms.

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“…Stimuli containing spatial information can elicit larger ERP amplitudes than those without. A previous study found that a stimulus located above or below the central fixation point elicited a larger P300 amplitude than one located at the central fixation point (Abramov et al, 2017). Several studies reported that when the appearance of the target was predictable, subjective efforts in perceptual processing and attention orientation were small, resulting in the reduction of the target P300 amplitude (Sutton et al, 1965;Hugdahl and Nordby, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Spelling Paradigm With an Added Red Dot Improved the P300 Speller System Performance

Zhou

et al. 2020

Front. Neuroinform.

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The traditional P300 speller system uses the flashing row or column spelling paradigm. However, the classification accuracy and information transfer rate of the P300 speller are not adequate for real-world application. To improve the performance of the P300 speller, we devised a new spelling paradigm in which the flashing row or column of a virtual character matrix is covered by a translucent green circle with a red dot in either the upper or lower half (GC-RD spelling paradigm). We compared the event-related potential (ERP) waveforms with a control paradigm (GC spelling paradigm), in which the flashing row or column of a virtual character matrix was covered by a translucent green circle only. Our experimental results showed that the amplitude of P3a at the parietal area and P3b at the frontal–central–parietal areas evoked by the GC-RD paradigm were significantly greater than those induced by the GC paradigm. Higher classification accuracy and information transmission rates were also obtained in the GC-RD system. Our results indicated that the added red dots increased attention and visuospatial information, resulting in an amplitude increase in both P3a and P3b, thereby improving the performance of the P300 speller system.

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Visuospatial information processing load and the ratio between parietal cue and target P3 amplitudes in the Attentional Network Test

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples

Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples

Neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of alertness impairment and compensatory processes in ADHD evidenced by the Attention Network Test

A Spelling Paradigm With an Added Red Dot Improved the P300 Speller System Performance

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