Vital Role of Monoamine Oxidases and Cholinesterases in Central Nervous System Drug Research: A Sharp Dissection of the Pathophysiology

Abstract

Background: MAO and ChE enzymes are very critical enzymes which regulate the level of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and monoamines. Monoamine neurotransmitters and acetylcholine play a very important role in many physiological events. Increase or decrease in the amount of these neurotransmitters is observed in many central nervous system pathologies. Balancing the amount of these neurotransmitters is important in improving the progression of these diseases. Inhibitors of MAO and ChE enzymes are important in symptomatic therapy and delaying progression of a group of CNS disease manifested with memory loss, cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances like depression. Objective: In this article, the relationship between CNS diseases and vital role of the enzymes, MAO and ChE, is discussed on the pathophysiologic basis, focusing on drug research. Conclusion: MAO and ChE enzymes are still a good target for the development of novel drug active substances with optimized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which can maximize the benefits of current therapy modalities.

Menthol Attenuates Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Experimental Diabetes

“…The progression of various diseases can be accelerated by balancing the levels of these neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and monoamines are regulated by monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes 8 .…”

“…Monoamine oxidases are flavoenzymes facilitating the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters, viz, serotonin, norepinephrine, tyramine, dopamine, and certain other amines 9 . A set of central nervous system diseases, including memory loss, cognitive decline, and mental disorders like depression, can be treated symptomatically with monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase inhibitors to prevent further development of the condition 8 . Due to their fewer adverse effects and better efficacy, medicinal herbs and natural phytocompounds are increasingly used to treat diabetes.…”