Vital Signs: Recent Trends in Stroke Death Rates — United States, 2000–2015

Abstract

IntroductionThe prominent decline in U.S. stroke death rates observed for more than 4 decades has slowed in recent years. CDC examined trends and patterns in recent stroke death rates among U.S. adults aged ≥35 years by age, sex, race/ethnicity, state, and census region.MethodsTrends in the rates of stroke as the underlying cause of death during 2000–2015 were analyzed using data from the National Vital Statistics System. Joinpoint software was used to identify trends in stroke death rates, and the excess number of stroke deaths resulting from unfavorable changes in trends was estimated.ResultsAmong adults aged ≥35 years, age-standardized stroke death rates declined 38%, from 118.4 per 100,000 persons in 2000 to 73.3 per 100,000 persons in 2015. The annual percent change (APC) in stroke death rates changed from 2000 to 2015, from a 3.4% decrease per year during 2000–2003, to a 6.6% decrease per year during 2003–2006, a 3.1% decrease per year during 2006–2013, and a 2.5% (nonsignificant) increase per year during 2013–2015. The last trend segment indicated a reversal from a decrease to a statistically significant increase among Hispanics (APC = 5.8%) and among persons in the South Census Region (APC = 4.2%). Declines in stroke death rates failed to continue in 38 states, and during 2013–2015, an estimated 32,593 excess stroke deaths might not have occurred if the previous rate of decline could have been sustained.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health PracticePrior declines in stroke death rates have not continued in recent years, and substantial variations exist in timing and magnitude of change by demographic and geographic characteristics. These findings suggest the importance of strategically identifying opportunities for prevention and intervening in vulnerable populations, especially because effective and underused interventions to prevent stroke incidence and death are known to exist.

Changing Trends in Etiology‐Based and Ethnicity‐Based Annual Mortality Rates of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States

“…From the information available in this database, we included demographic data (age, race/ethnicity, sex, and education status). Race/ethnicity was categorized into five mutually exclusive groups: non‐Hispanic whites, non‐Hispanic blacks, non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics (who could be of any race) . Data for the American Indian and Alaskan native were unreliable due to small number of outcomes and were therefore excluded from final analysis.…”

Lenticulostriate Artery Infarction Involving the Striatocapsular Region: A High-resolution MRI Study

“…Therefore, effective imaging methods can help identify relevant pathophysiological changes and provide valuable information for the clinician. In their studies, von Morze et al and Cho et al 3,4 used 7T MR imaging systems to reveal the lenticulostriate artery by MRA and found that non-invasive evaluation of the lenticulostriate artery can be achieved, but the 7T MR system has not yet been applied in clinical practice. However, the images of lenticulostriate arteries based on the 3T MR imaging system and the 3D-HRVWI sequence obtained in this study were satisfactory, suggesting a potential for clinical application.…”

Introductory Chapter: Past, Present, and Future of Prostheses and Rehabilitation

“…The latter have a flexible heel that stores potential energy during early stance phase that is then released through recoil of the material in the late stance and early swing phase. Partial foot prosthesis options include toe fillers with or without orthosis and shoe modifications [27].…”