Vitamin A and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Quinlan, Kyran; Hayani, Karen C.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170260029004

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, the vitamin A supplemented group sometimes fared worse than the control group. [49][50] Nevertheless, these findings are concordant with earlier community -based studies that failed to show reductions in incidence or duration of ARI (Table I).…”

Section: Artículo De Revisiónsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The role of vitamin A in reducing child mortality et al 49 found no beneficial effects of administering 100 000 IU vitamin A on measures such as severity, hospitalization, intensive care or need for oxygen in a RCT of young children infected with respiratory syncytial virus in the USA. Several RCT conducted among cases admitted for ARI in hospital settings in developing countries (Guatemala, Peru, Tanzania) have also failed to show any benefits of vitamin A supplementation, [50][51][52] in spite of using a variety of objective measures, such as ventilation rates, oxygen saturation, respiratory rates, heart rates and temperatures.…”

Section: Artículo De Revisiónmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of vitamin A in reducing child mortality and morbidity and improving growth

Ramakrishnan¹,

Martorell²

1998

Salud pública Méx

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN The role of vitamin A in reducing child mortalityRamakrishnan U, Martorell R.The role of vitamin A in reducing child mortality and morbidity and improving growth. Salud Publica Mex 1998;40:189-198. AbstractThis is an update of knowledge on the role of the vitamin A status in determining child mortality, morbidity and growth. Recent information confirms the earlier conclusion of Beaton et al. that a 23% reduction in young child mortality results following improvements in the vitamin A status. Studies show that the mortality effect is primarily due to reductions in deaths due to acute gastroenteritis and measles but not acute respiratory infections (ARI) and malaria. While improvement of the vitamin A status enhances the survival of older preschool children, it remains unclear whether it benefits infants (i.e. <6 months). Vitamin A supplementation does not reduce the overall incidence and prevalence of common childhood illness; however, it reduces the incidence of more severe episodes of diarrhea. Also, vitamin A supplementation either during and/or immediately after the illness does not improve its symptomatology. Finally, contrary to earlier expectations, recently completed, placebocontrolled randomized interventions have failed to detect improvements in child growth. ResumenLa presente es una revisión del conocimiento actual sobre el papel de la vitamina A en la mortalidad, morbilidad y crecimiento infantiles. Recientemente, algunas investigaciones han confirmado la conclusión de Beaton y colaboradores (1993) que indica que se puede reducir la mortalidad infantil en un 23% mejorando el estado de la vitamina A. Se ha demostrado que este efecto se debe a la reducción de la mortalidad por gastroenteritis aguda y sarampión y no por infecciones respiratorias agudas y paludismo. Queda claro que el mejoramiento del estado de la vitamina A favorece la sobrevivencia de los niños prescolares mayores; sin embargo, no se ha definido si también beneficia a los infantes (<6 meses). El suplemento de vitamina A no reduce la incidencia total ni la prevalencia de enfermedades comunes de la niñez; sin embargo, sí reduce la incidencia de episodios graves de diarrea. Asimismo, tal suplementación, ya sea durante o inmediatamente después de la enfermedad, no mejora la sintomatología. Finalmente, en contra de lo esperado, estudios recientes con asignación aleatoria a grupos que reciben vitamina A o un placebo indican que la vitamina A no mejora el crecimiento de los niños.

show abstract

Section: Artículo De Revisiónsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Artículo De Revisiónmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vitamin A in reducing child mortality and morbidity and improving growth

Ramakrishnan¹,

Martorell²

1998

Salud pública Méx

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the principal finding of these RSV trials was that vitamin A supplementation did not hasten recovery from infection. However, in the two trials in the United States, 15,16 an increase in duration of hospitalization was seen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In comparison, the majority of RSV patients admitted to hospital are Ͻ6 months of age, may have been born prematurely, and are more likely to have underlying health problems, including chronic heart or lung disease. A small trial (n ϭ 33) among children hospitalized in the United States 15 found neither benefit nor detriment to the use of vitamin A, although those receiving vitamin A tended to have longer durations of hospitalization than did the placebo recipients (6.6 days vs 3.5 days; P ϭ .08). Bresee et al 16 studied 239 subjects 1 month to 6 years of age in a multicenter trial in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adverse Effects of High-dose Vitamin A Supplements in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT.Objective. To test the hypothesis that high-dose vitamin A supplements will enhance recovery of children hospitalized for the treatment of communityacquired pneumonia.Design. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of high-dose vitamin A supplements among children 3 months to 10 years of age (N ‫؍‬ 95) admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia in Lima, Peru. Children <1 year of age received 100 000 IU of water-miscible vitamin A on admission to the hospital and an additional 50 000 IU the next day. Children >1 year of age received 200 000 IU on admission and 100 000 IU the next day.Results. Children receiving vitamin A (n ‫؍‬ 48) had lower blood oxygen saturation (the mean difference on day 3 in hospital was 1.1%), higher prevalence rates of retractions (37% in the vitamin A group vs 15% in the placebo group on day 3), auscultatory evidence of consolidation (28% in the vitamin A group vs 17% in the placebo group on day 3), and were more likely to require supplemental oxygen (21% in the vitamin A group vs 8% in the placebo group on day 3) than children in the placebo group (n ‫؍‬ 47). Adjustment for baseline severity of disease and nutritional status did not alter the association of vitamin A with increased clinical severity, although the difference in blood oxygen saturation was no longer statistically significant. No differences were seen in duration of hospitalization or in chest x-ray changes 14 days after admission. No deaths occurred, and toxicity of vitamin A was not seen.Conclusions. This study indicates that high-dose vitamin A supplements cause modest adverse effects in children recovering from pneumonia and should not be used therapeutically in such patients unless there is clinical evidence of vitamin A deficiency or concurrent measles infection. Pediatrics 1998;101(5). URL: http:// www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/101/5/e3; vitamin A, pneumonia, children, Peru, respiratory, lung, retinol.ABBREVIATIONS. UPCH, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PPD, purified protein derivative; ANOVA, analysis of variance; SD, standard deviation; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.

show abstract