Vitamin A and systemic inflammation as protective factors in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

This is an accepted version of a paper published in Multiple Sclerosis. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the published paper: Salzer, J., Hallmans, G., Nyström, M., Stenlund, H., Wadell, G. et al. (2013) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, in 1) prospectively collected biobank blood samples from MS cases and controls, and 2) gestational samples were the offspring had later developed MS, and gestational control samples. The risk of MS was calculated using matched multivariable logistic regression adjusted for confounders. Results:In prospective samples, RBP levels within the second quintile (vs. the first) were associated with a lower MS risk (OR = 0.38,. No effect on MS risk in the offspring by gestational RBP levels was found. In young subjects hs-CRP levels ≥10 mg/l in prospective samples were associated with a lower MS risk (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.95). Conclusions:Our results suggest that sub-optimal vitamin A levels may be associated with MS risk. The association between hs-CRP levels and MS risk in young subjects may support the role of the hygiene hypothesis in MS aetiology.

Vitamin A is not associated with exacerbations in multiple sclerosis

“…Lately, the use of plasma RBP as a surrogate marker for retinol is increasing. It should be realized that this is only valid in the absence of infection or when adjusted for CRP levels (2012; Salzer et al, 2013).…”

“…In recent years, several studies on the relation between vitamin A and MS have been performed, using different techniques and markers, sometimes with conflicting results (de Bustos et al, 2000;Besler et al, 2002;Royal et al, 2002;Munger et al, 2004;Loken-Amsrud et al, 2012;Salzer et al, 2013). Routine measurement of vitamin A and carotenoids is now generally done using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).…”

“…Furthermore, RA can promote the formation of anti-inflammatory Treg cells expressing Foxp3 (Coombes et al, 2007;Mucida et al, 2007;Schambach et al, 2007). Recently, it was also found that vitamin A is possibly associated with MS risk (Salzer et al, 2013) and MRI outcomes in MS (Loken-Amsrud et al, 2012).…”

The Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on FoxP3 and TGF-β Gene Expression in Avonex-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients

“…A high dosage of RA had toxic effects that were not observed with retinyl palmitate (Sedjo et al 2004). Sub-optimal vitamin A levels may be associated with MS risk (Salzer et al 2013), and serum retinol is inversely associated with simultaneous and subsequent magnetic TGF-β is a hallmark cytokine produced by FoxP3+ Treg cells. Based on previous studies, there are controversial data regarding the effects of TGF-β in the immunopathogenesis of MS.…”

Miljøets betydning ved multippel sklerose

“…En prospektiv studie viste at intermediaere nivåer av retinolbindende protein (surrogatmarkør for vitamin A) var assosiert med lav sykdomsrisiko (49). Vi fant at økende nivåer av retinol var assosiert med lav risiko for sykdomsaktivitet vist ved MR-undersøkelse (50).…”