Vitamin A Status: Relationship to Immunity and the Antibody Response

Ross, A. Catharine

doi:10.3181/00379727-200-43436a

Cited by 166 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It is possible that vitamin A deficiency, through its immunosuppressive effects 22 , increases susceptibility to infection. Increased prevalence of reproductive tract infections in women with low serum retinol has been reported by Christian et al 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health

Radhika¹

2002

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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Objective To examine the association between biochemical vitamin A deficiency in pregnancy and maternal and fetal health. Design A cross sectional clinical study.Setting Antenatal clinic of nutrition unit of Niloufer Hospital catering for a low socio-economic population, and a private nursing home (Swapna nursing home) catering for a high socio-economic population. Population 736 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy belonging to low (n ¼ 522) and high socio-economic groups (n ¼ 214). Methods All the women were subjected to a detailed clinical, anthropometric and obstetric examination. Night blindness was assessed by administering the standard WHO questionnaire. Birthweight and gestational age of the infants, maternal anaemia and development of pregnancy-induced hypertension in the mother were recorded. Haemoglobin and serum retinol were estimated at the time of recruitment to the study. Main outcome measures Serum retinol levels, anaemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, birthweight and gestational age of the infant. Results Night blindness was observed in 2.9% of the women and subclincal vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol <20 Ag/dL with no clinical signs) in 27% of the women. Moderate to severe anaemia was observed in 41.2% of the women, and 15.8% of the women developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. Sixty-one (9.4%) women delivered preterm. Univariate analysis identified a significant association between serum retinol <20 Ag/dL and preterm delivery (OR ¼ 1.74, 95% CI 1.03 -2.96), maternal anaemia (OR ¼ 1.82, 95% CI 1.28-2.60) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR ¼ 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.83). After adjusting for the confounding variables (body mass index, parity, age and socio-economic status) in a multivariate analysis, the significant associations between serum retinol <20 Ag/dL and preterm delivery ( P ¼ 0.02) and anaemia ( P ¼ 0.003) persisted, while that for pregnancy-induced hypertension disappeared ( P ¼ 0.71). Conclusion The study suggests that subclinical vitamin A deficiency is a problem during the third trimester of pregnancy. Serum concentration of retinol <20 Ag/dL appears to indicate a deficient status, and is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery and maternal anaemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health

Radhika¹

2002

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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“…Vitamin A plays an essential role in the normal development of humans (Bendich, 1993(Bendich, , 1994West Jr et aL, 1989) and in other mammals. Recent investigations have furthermore shown that vitamin A quenches free radicals and prevents cellular oxidative damage, as well as supporting the human immune system (Bendich, 1989(Bendich, , 1993Ross, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis

et al. 1997

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SummaryRice (Oryza aativa L.), the major food staple for more than two billion people, contains neither J~-carotene (provitamin A) nor C40 carotenoid precursors thereof in its endosperm. To improve the nutritional value of rice, genetic engineering was chosen as a means to introduce the ability to make I~-carotene into rice endosperm tissue. Investigation of the biochemical properties of immature rice endosperm using [14C]-Iabelled substrates revealed the presence of geranyl geranyl diphosphate, the C20 general isoprenoid precursor necessary for C4o carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytoene synthase, which condenses two molecules of geranyl geranyl diphosphate, is the first of four specific enzymes necessary for [~-carotene biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, the Japonica rice model variety Taipei 309 was transformed by microprojectile bombardment with a cDNA coding for phytoene synthase from daffodil {Narcissus pseudonarcissus) under the control of either a constitutive or an endosperm-specific promoter. In transgenic rice plants, the daffodil enzyme is active, as measured by the in vivo accumulation of phytoene in rice endosperm. Thus, it is demonstrated for the first time that it is in principle possible to engineer a critical step in provitamin A biosynthesis in a non-photosynthetic, carotenoid-lacking plant tissue. These results have important implications for longterm prospects of overcoming worldwide vitamin A deficiency.

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“…Sua carência prolongada pode determinar a instalação da cegueira parcial ou com evolução para a perda total e irreversível da visão (Sommer, 1982), além de induzir a uma maior suscetibilidade às infecções, por influenciar nas respostas do sistema imunológico (Ross, 1992). Tem importância também na reprodução, crescimento, integridade e diferenciação dos tecidos epiteliais especializados, bem como na modulação da expressão gênica (Olson, 1972;Petkovich, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Diagnóstico da realidade nutricional no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. I - hipovitaminose A

Alencar¹,

Castro²,

Yuyama³

et al. 2002

Acta Amaz.

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RESUMO -Procedeu-se uma revisão de toda produção científica do Amazonas, da área da nutrição nas últimas décadas. A análise deste material, consubstanciada com as últimas pesquisas realizadas pelo grupo da Nutrição do INPA viabilizou a composição do diagnóstico da hipovitaminose A na região Amazônica. A investigação clínico-oftalmológica, envolveu 487 crianças de 2 a 5 anos, de ambos os sexos, oriundas das diferentes localidades amazônicas: Nhamundá, Alvarães, Anamã, Beruri e Benjamin Constant. Os níveis de retinol sérico foram determinados, exclusivamente, em 48 crianças do município de Nhamundá. A investigação clínica não evidenciou nenhum sinal e/ou sintoma pertinentes a carência de vitamina A. Níveis de retinol sérico, considerados normais e altos, foram registrados em 75,0% e 25,0%, respectivamente do universo estudado. O somatório destes resultados com as informações retrospectivas procedentes da literatura regional não permitem afirmar categoricamente a existência de hipovitaminose A como problema de Saúde Pública na região Amazônica. Palavras-chave:Hipovitaminose A, Nutrição no Amazonas. Diagnosis of the Nutritional Reality in Amazonas State, Brazil. I -Hypovitaminosis A.ABSTRACT -The entire scientific production relating to nutrition in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, during the last decades was critically revised. Analysis of this material, complemented by our own recent investigations, provided the basis for the diagnosis of hypovitaminosis A in the Amazon Region. The clinical -opthalmological investigation involved 487 children of both sexes between two and five years old, from Nhamundá and Alvarães, Anamã and Beruri in State of Amazonas. Serum retinol was determined only in 48 children from Nhamundá municipality. The clinical inves¬ tigation did not detect any signs or symptoms indicative of vitamin A deficiency. Normal or high levels of serum retinol were found in 75% and 25%, respectively, of the study sample. These re¬ sults, when added to those derived from the regional litterature, preclude any categorical affirma¬ tion that hypovitaminosis A constitutes a public health problem in the Amazon region.

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Vitamin A Status: Relationship to Immunity and the Antibody Response

Cited by 166 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health

Effects of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health

Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis

Diagnóstico da realidade nutricional no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. I - hipovitaminose A

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