Vitamin a supplementation for prophylaxis or therapy in childhood pneumonia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Mathew, Joseph L

doi:10.1007/s13312-010-0042-1

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In a recent review, it was reported that in preschool children, those receiving vitamin A supplementation had no significant difference in incidence of pneumonia compared to those in a placebo group [38]. However, in our study we found that both normalweight and underweight children with moderate to severe serum retinol deficiency had a higher risk of ALRI.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Association between serum vitamin D, retinol and zinc status, and acute respiratory infections in underweight and normal-weight children aged 6–24 months living in an urban slum in Bangladesh

Ahmed

Magalhães

et al. 2016

Epidemiol. Infect.

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We conducted a longitudinal assessment in 466 underweight and 446 normal-weight children aged 6-24 months living in the urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh to determine the association between vitamin D and other micronutrient status with upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). Incidence rate ratios of URI and ALRI were estimated using multivariable generalized estimating equations. Our results indicate that underweight children with insufficient and deficient vitamin D status were associated with 20% and 23-25% reduced risk of URI, respectively, compared to children with sufficient status. Underweight children, those with serum retinol deficiency were at 1·8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4-2·4] times higher risk of ALRI than those with retinol sufficiency. In normal-weight children there were no significant differences between different vitamin D status and the incidence of URI and ALRI. However, normal-weight children with zinc insufficiency and those that were serum retinol deficient had 1·2 (95% CI 1·0-1·5) times higher risk of URI and 1·9 (95% CI 1·4-2·6) times higher risk of ALRI, respectively. Thus, our results should encourage efforts to increase the intake of retinol-enriched food or supplementation in this population. However, the mechanisms through which vitamin D exerts beneficial effects on the incidence of childhood respiratory tract infection still needs further research.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Association between serum vitamin D, retinol and zinc status, and acute respiratory infections in underweight and normal-weight children aged 6–24 months living in an urban slum in Bangladesh

Ahmed

Magalhães

et al. 2016

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…However, vitamin A after pneumonia in children was unable to significantly reduce mortality [213], the duration of illness [191], or the duration of hospital stay [191,213].…”

Section: Micronutrients In the Management Of Acute Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is low-to-moderate evidence that vitamin A supplementation (50,000-200,000 IU every 4-6 months) in children can reduce the incidence of diarrhea and measles [190]. However, other analyses in children did not find that vitamin A significantly reduced the incidence of pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infections (RTI) [191,192].…”

Section: Micronutrients In Reducing the Risk Of Acute Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

2020

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Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.

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“…Vitamin A supplementation is correlated with a reducing in the infection-related morbidity and mortality associated with vitamin A deficiency ( Table 2 ) [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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Vitamin a supplementation for prophylaxis or therapy in childhood pneumonia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Association between serum vitamin D, retinol and zinc status, and acute respiratory infections in underweight and normal-weight children aged 6–24 months living in an urban slum in Bangladesh

Association between serum vitamin D, retinol and zinc status, and acute respiratory infections in underweight and normal-weight children aged 6–24 months living in an urban slum in Bangladesh

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

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